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Determinants of Body Mass Index and Intelligence Quotient of Elementary School Children in Mountain Area of Nepal: An Explorative Study

机译：尼泊尔山区小学生体重指数和智商的决定因素：一项探索性研究

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The physical growth and cognitive development of elementary school children are very crucial and this group is large in number but has little research dedicated to it. The physical growth and cognitive development of children occur simultaneously and can be measured by body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ). Previous studies could not sufficiently focus on both aspects. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of BMI and IQ of students in two elementary schools in the Humla district of Nepal. Two randomly selected elementary schools and all children available there (n = 173) participated in the study. BMI was calculated with the objective of proper measurement of height and weight of the children. Likewise, the updated universal nonverbal intelligence test (UNIT) was applied for IQ. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regressions were used when appropriate. Study findings showed that one-tenth of the children had grade 2 thinness (-2SD) and about one-third had poor IQ (<85). The age of the children (p < 0.05) and household economic status (p < 0.001) were significant for the BMI. Likewise, frequencies of illness in the previous year, mother’s education (p < 0.05) and father’s education (p < 0.001) were significant factors for the IQ score. More commonly, BMI and IQ scores were significantly lower in the ultra-poor group. Economic status and parent education are still major determinants of IQ and BMI in these students. Special programs and strategies should be launched to improve the poor ranking of IQ and BMI.
机译：小学生的身体成长和认知发展非常关键，这一群体人数众多，但对其的研究很少。儿童的身体成长和认知发展同时发生，可以通过体重指数（BMI）和智商（IQ）进行衡量。先前的研究未能充分集中于两个方面。这项研究的目的是确定尼泊尔Humla区两所小学学生的BMI和智商的决定因素。随机选择了两所小学和那里的所有儿童（n = 173）参加了这项研究。计算BMI的目的是正确测量儿童的身高和体重。同样，更新的通用非语言智力测验（UNIT）也适用于IQ。适当时使用描述性统计，t检验，方差分析和多元线性回归。研究结果表明，十分之一的孩子患有2级瘦身症（-2SD），大约三分之一的孩子智商较差（<85）。对于BMI，儿童的年龄（p <0.05）和家庭经济状况（p <0.001）显着。同样，前一年的疾病发生频率，母亲的受教育程度（p <0.05）和父亲的受教育程度（p <0.001）是智商得分的重要因素。更常见的是，超贫困组的BMI和IQ得分明显较低。经济状况和父母教育仍然是这些学生智商和BMI的主要决定因素。应该启动特殊的计划和策略，以提高智商和体重指数的较差排名。

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