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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>PLoS Biology >Dynamically Allocated Hub in Task-Evoked Network Predicts the Vulnerable Prefrontal Locus for Contextual Memory Retrieval in Macaques
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Dynamically Allocated Hub in Task-Evoked Network Predicts the Vulnerable Prefrontal Locus for Contextual Memory Retrieval in Macaques

机译：任务诱发网络中的动态分配集线器可预测猕猴上下文内存检索的脆弱前额轨迹

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Neuroimaging and neurophysiology have revealed that multiple areas in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are activated in a specific memory task, but severity of impairment after PFC lesions is largely different depending on which activated area is damaged. The critical relationship between lesion sites and impairments has not yet been given a clear mechanistic explanation. Although recent works proposed that a whole-brain network contains hubs that play integrative roles in cortical information processing, this framework relying on an anatomy-based structural network cannot account for the vulnerable locus for a specific task, lesioning of which would bring impairment. Here, we hypothesized that (i) activated PFC areas dynamically form an ordered network centered at a task-specific “functional hub” and (ii) the lesion-effective site corresponds to the “functional hub,” but not to a task-invariant “structural hub.” To test these hypotheses, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments in macaques performing a temporal contextual memory task. We found that the activated areas formed a hierarchical hub-centric network based on task-evoked directed connectivity, differently from the anatomical network reflecting axonal projection patterns. Using a novel simulated-lesion method based on support vector machine, we estimated severity of impairment after lesioning of each area, which accorded well with a known dissociation in contextual memory impairment in macaques (impairment after lesioning in area 9/46d, but not in area 8Ad). The predicted severity of impairment was proportional to the network “hubness” of the virtually lesioned area in the task-evoked directed connectivity network, rather than in the anatomical network known from tracer studies. Our results suggest that PFC areas dynamically and cooperatively shape a functional hub-centric network to reallocate the lesion-effective site depending on the cognitive processes, apart from static anatomical hubs. These findings will be a foundation for precise prediction of behavioral impacts of damage or surgical intervention in human brains.
机译：神经影像学和神经生理学已经揭示了前额叶皮层（PFC）中的多个区域在特定的记忆任务中被激活，但是PFC损伤后损伤的严重程度在很大程度上取决于被激活的区域是否受损。病变部位和损伤之间的关键关系尚未给出明确的机理解释。尽管最近的工作提出全脑网络包含在皮层信息处理中起整合作用的集线器，但是该框架依赖于基于解剖结构的结构网络，无法解决特定任务的易受伤害的基因座，其受损会带来损害。在这里，我们假设（i）激活的PFC区域动态地形成一个以任务特定的“功能中心”为中心的有序网络，并且（ii）病变有效部位对应于“功能中心”，而不是任务不变的“结构中心。”为了检验这些假设，我们在猕猴中进行了功能性磁共振成像实验，以执行时间上下文记忆任务。我们发现，激活区域形成了基于任务诱发的定向连接的分层的以枢纽为中心的网络，这与反映轴突投影模式的解剖网络不同。使用基于支持向量机的新型模拟病变方法，我们估计了每个区域病变后病变的严重程度，这与猕猴的上下文记忆受损的已知解离非常吻合（病变在区域9 / 46d受损，但在8Ad区域）。预测的损伤严重程度与任务诱发的定向连接网络中而不是示踪剂研究中已知的解剖学网络中的实际病变区域的网络“柔韧性”成正比。我们的研究结果表明，PFC区域可以动态地协同塑造以功能性枢纽为中心的网络，以根据认知过程重新分配病变有效部位，除了静态解剖枢纽。这些发现将为精确预测人脑损伤或手术干预的行为影响奠定基础。

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