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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Life >Integrity of the DNA and Cellular Ultrastructure of Cryptoendolithic Fungi in Space or Mars Conditions: A 1.5-Year Study at the International Space Station
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Integrity of the DNA and Cellular Ultrastructure of Cryptoendolithic Fungi in Space or Mars Conditions: A 1.5-Year Study at the International Space Station

机译：在空间或火星条件下隐内皮真菌的DNA和细胞超微结构的完整性：在国际空间站进行的1.5年研究

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The black fungi Cryomyces antarcticus and Cryomyces minteri are highly melanized and are resilient to cold, ultra-violet, ionizing radiation and other extreme conditions. These microorganisms were isolated from cryptoendolithic microbial communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) and studied in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), using the EXPOSE-E facility on the International Space Station (ISS). Previously, it was demonstrated that C. antarcticus and C. minteri survive the hostile conditions of space (vacuum, temperature fluctuations, and the full spectrum of extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation), as well as Mars conditions that were simulated in space for a 1.5-year period. Here, we qualitatively and quantitatively characterize damage to DNA and cellular ultrastructure in desiccated cells of these two species, within the frame of the same experiment. The DNA and cells of C. antarcticus exhibited a higher resistance than those of C. minteri. This is presumably attributable to the thicker (melanized) cell wall of the former. Generally, DNA was readily detected (by PCR) regardless of exposure conditions or fungal species, but the C. minteri DNA had been more-extensively mutated. We discuss the implications for using DNA, when properly shielded, as a biosignature of recently extinct or extant life.
机译：黑真菌南极低温细菌和低温结晶真菌具有高度黑色素化，并且可以抵抗寒冷，紫外线，电离辐射和其他极端条件。这些微生物是从麦克默多干旱谷（南极洲）的隐吞层微生物群落中分离出来的，并使用国际空间站（ISS）上的EXPOSE-E设施在近地轨道（LEO）中进行了研究。先前的研究表明，南极梭壳虫和薄荷壳念珠菌在太空的恶劣条件（真空，温度波动和地球外太阳电磁辐射的全光谱）中生存，并且在空间中模拟的火星条件在1.5-年期。在这里，我们在同一实验的框架内定性和定量地描述了这两种物种的干燥细胞中对DNA和细胞超微结构的破坏。南极衣藻的DNA和细胞显示出比薄荷树更高的抗性。据推测这是由于前者的细胞壁较厚（黑色素化）所致。通常，无论暴露条件或真菌种类如何，都可以很容易地检测到DNA（通过PCR），但是薄荷C. minteri DNA的突变程度更高。我们讨论了将DNA适当屏蔽后用作近期灭绝或现存生物的生物特征的含义。

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