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A duplicate gene rooting of seed plants and the phylogenetic position of flowering plants

机译:种子植物的重复基因生根和开花植物的系统发生位置

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摘要

Flowering plants represent the most significant branch in the tree of land plants, with respect to the number of extant species, their impact on the shaping of modern ecosystems and their economic importance. However, unlike so many persistent phylogenetic problems that have yielded to insights from DNA sequence data, the mystery surrounding the origin of angiosperms has deepened with the advent and advance of molecular systematics. Strong statistical support for competing hypotheses and recent novel trees from molecular data suggest that the accuracy of current molecular trees requires further testing. Analyses of phytochrome amino acids using a duplicate gene-rooting approach yield trees that unite cycads and angiosperms in a clade that is sister to a clade in which Gingko and Cupressophyta are successive sister taxa to gnetophytes plus Pinaceae. Application of a cycads + angiosperms backbone constraint in analyses of a morphological dataset yields better resolved trees than do analyses in which extant gymnosperms are forced to be monophyletic. The results have implications both for our assessment of uncertainty in trees from sequence data and for our use of molecular constraints as a way to integrate insights from morphological and molecular evidence.
机译:就现存物种的数量,它们对现代生态系统形成的影响及其经济重要性而言,开花植物是陆地植物树上最重要的分支。但是,与从DNA序列数据中获得洞察力的众多持续的系统发育问题不同,随着分子系统学的出现和发展,被子植物起源周围的奥秘不断加深。对竞争假设和分子数据中最近的新树的强大统计支持表明,当前分子树的准确性需要进一步测试。使用重复的基因植根方法进行植物色素氨基酸分析,可将苏铁和被子植物结合在一个进化枝中,该进化枝与银杏和葫芦科植物是连续的姊妹分类单元,而银杏和松柏是变种植物和松科的姐妹。与对现有裸子植物被迫单生的分析相比,在形态数据集分析中应用苏铁+被子植物主干约束可以产生更好的分辨树。这些结果对我们从序列数据中评估树木的不确定性以及我们利用分子约束作为整合形态学和分子证据的见解的一种方式都具有意义。

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