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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Revisiting the syntactic abilities of non-human animals: natural vocalizations and artificial grammar learning
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Revisiting the syntactic abilities of non-human animals: natural vocalizations and artificial grammar learning

机译：复习非人类动物的句法能力：自然发声和人工语法学习

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摘要

The domain of syntax is seen as the core of the language faculty and as the most critical difference between animal vocalizations and language. We review evidence from spontaneously produced vocalizations as well as from perceptual experiments using artificial grammars to analyse animal syntactic abilities, i.e. abilities to produce and perceive patterns following abstract rules. Animal vocalizations consist of vocal units (elements) that are combined in a species-specific way to create higher order strings that in turn can be produced in different patterns. While these patterns differ between species, they have in common that they are no more complex than a probabilistic finite-state grammar. Experiments on the perception of artificial grammars confirm that animals can generalize and categorize vocal strings based on phonetic features. They also demonstrate that animals can learn about the co-occurrence of elements or learn simple ‘rules’ like attending to reduplications of units. However, these experiments do not provide strong evidence for an ability to detect abstract rules or rules beyond finite-state grammars. Nevertheless, considering the rather limited number of experiments and the difficulty to design experiments that unequivocally demonstrate more complex rule learning, the question of what animals are able to do remains open.
机译：语法领域被视为语言学院的核心，也是动物发声和语言之间最关键的区别。我们回顾了自发发声以及使用人工语法分析动物句法能力（即根据抽象规则产生和感知模式的能力）的感知实验所提供的证据。动物发声由发声单元（元素）组成，它们以特定于物种的方式组合在一起，以创建更高阶的弦，而弦又可以不同的方式产生。尽管这些模式在物种之间有所不同，但是它们的共同点是它们并不比概率有限状态语法复杂。关于人工语法感知的实验证实，动物可以根据语音特征对语音字符串进行归纳和分类。他们还证明动物可以了解元素的共现或学习简单的“规则”，例如参加单位的重复。但是，这些实验并不能为检测抽象规则或有限状态语法以外的规则提供有力的证据。然而，考虑到实验数量有限以及设计实验难以明确地证明更复杂的规则学习的问题，关于动物能够做什么的问题仍然悬而未决。

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