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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >The empirical case against the ‘demographic turn’ in Palaeolithic archaeology
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The empirical case against the ‘demographic turn’ in Palaeolithic archaeology

机译：在旧石器时代考古学中反对人口变化的案例

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摘要

Recently, it has become commonplace to interpret major transitions and other patterns in the Palaeolithic archaeological record in terms of population size. Increases in cultural complexity are claimed to result from increases in population size; decreases in cultural complexity are suggested to be due to decreases in population size; and periods of no change are attributed to low numbers or frequent extirpation. In this paper, we argue that this approach is not defensible. We show that the available empirical evidence does not support the idea that cultural complexity in hunter–gatherers is governed by population size. Instead, ethnographic and archaeological data suggest that hunter–gatherer cultural complexity is most strongly influenced by environmental factors. Because all hominins were hunter–gatherers until the Holocene, this means using population size to interpret patterns in the Palaeolithic archaeological record is problematic. In future, the population size hypothesis should be viewed as one of several competing hypotheses and its predictions formally tested alongside those of its competitors.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Major transitions in human evolution’.
机译：最近，根据人口规模来解释旧石器时代考古记录中的主要转变和其他模式已变得司空见惯。据称文化复杂性的增加是由于人口规模的增加；建议减少文化复杂性是由于人口规模的减少；没有变化的时期归因于数量少或经常灭绝。在本文中，我们认为这种方法是不合理的。我们证明，现有的经验证据并不支持这样的观点，即狩猎者和采集者的文化复杂性受人口规模支配。相反，人种学和考古学数据表明，猎人-采集者的文化复杂性受环境因素的影响最大。因为直到全新世之前所有人类都是狩猎者，所以这意味着使用人口规模来解释旧石器时代考古记录中的模式是有问题的。将来，人口规模假说应被视为几个相互竞争的假说之一，其预测与竞争对手的假说一起被正式检验。本文是主题为“人类进化的重大转变”的一部分。

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