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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >What limits photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency in nature? Lessons from the oceans
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What limits photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency in nature? Lessons from the oceans

机译：什么限制了自然界中光合作用的能量转换效率？海洋的教训

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Constraining photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency in nature is challenging. In principle, two yield measurements must be made simultaneously: photochemistry, fluorescence and/or thermal dissipation. We constructed two different, extremely sensitive and precise active fluorometers: one measures the quantum yield of photochemistry from changes in variable fluorescence, the other measures fluorescence lifetimes in the picosecond time domain. By deploying the pair of instruments on eight transoceanic cruises over six years, we obtained over 200 000 measurements of fluorescence yields and lifetimes from surface waters in five ocean basins. Our results revealed that the average quantum yield of photochemistry was approximately 0.35 while the average quantum yield of fluorescence was approximately 0.07. Thus, closure on the energy budget suggests that, on average, approximately 58% of the photons absorbed by phytoplankton in the world oceans are dissipated as heat. This extraordinary inefficiency is associated with the paucity of nutrients in the upper ocean, especially dissolved inorganic nitrogen and iron. Our results strongly suggest that, in nature, most of the time, most of the phytoplankton community operates at approximately half of its maximal photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency because nutrients limit the synthesis or function of essential components in the photosynthetic apparatus.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.
机译：限制自然界中的光合作用能量转换效率具有挑战性。原则上，必须同时进行两个产量测量：光化学，荧光和/或散热。我们构建了两种不同的，极其灵敏且精确的活性荧光计：一种通过可变荧光的变化来测量光化学的量子产率，另一种在皮秒时域中测量荧光寿命。通过在六年中的八次跨洋航行中部署这对仪器，我们获得了来自五个海洋盆地地表水的荧光产量和寿命的超过20万次测量结果。我们的结果表明，光化学的平均量子产率约为0.35，而荧光的平均量子产率约为0.07。因此，能源预算的关闭表明，世界海洋中平均约58％的浮游植物吸收的光子以热量的形式消散。这种异常的低效率与上层海洋中的营养物质稀少有关，尤其是溶解的无机氮和铁。我们的结果强烈表明，在自然界中，大多数情况下，大多数浮游植物群落的工作效率约为其最大光合能量转化效率的一半，因为营养物质限制了光合装置中基本成分的合成或功能。主题为“增强作物的光合作用：改进目标”。

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