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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Plant Physiology >Focus Issue on Phosphorus Plant Physiology: Root Cortical Aerenchyma Enhances the Growth of Maize on Soils with Suboptimal Availability of Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium
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Focus Issue on Phosphorus Plant Physiology: Root Cortical Aerenchyma Enhances the Growth of Maize on Soils with Suboptimal Availability of Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium

机译：磷植物生理学的重点问题：根系皮质气孔菌可促进土壤中氮磷和钾的最佳利用促进玉米的生长

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Root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) is induced by hypoxia, drought, and several nutrient deficiencies. Previous research showed that RCA formation reduces the respiration and nutrient content of root tissue. We used SimRoot, a functional-structural model, to provide quantitative support for the hypothesis that RCA formation is a useful adaptation to suboptimal availability of phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium by reducing the metabolic costs of soil exploration in maize (Zea mays). RCA increased the growth of simulated 40-d-old maize plants up to 55%, 54%, or 72% on low nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium soil, respectively, and reduced critical fertility levels by 13%, 12%, or 7%, respectively. The greater utility of RCA on low-potassium soils is associated with the fact that root growth in potassium-deficient plants was more carbon limited than in phosphorus- and nitrogen-deficient plants. In contrast to potassium-deficient plants, phosphorus- and nitrogen-deficient plants allocate more carbon to the root system as the deficiency develops. The utility of RCA also depended on other root phenes and environmental factors. On low-phosphorus soils (7.5 μm), the utility of RCA was 2.9 times greater in plants with increased lateral branching density than in plants with normal branching. On low-nitrate soils, the utility of RCA formation was 56% greater in coarser soils with high nitrate leaching. Large genetic variation in RCA formation and the utility of RCA for a range of stresses position RCA as an interesting crop-breeding target for enhanced soil resource acquisition.
机译：缺氧，干旱和多种营养缺乏会诱发根皮层动脉瘤（RCA）。先前的研究表明，RCA的形成会减少根部组织的呼吸和营养成分。我们使用SimRoot（一种功能结构模型）为以下假设提供了定量支持：RCA的形成通过减少玉米（Zea mays）中土壤勘探的代谢成本，可以有效地适应磷，氮和钾的次优利用率。在低氮，磷或钾的土壤上，RCA分别将模拟的40天龄玉米植物的生长分别提高了55％，54％或72％，并将临界肥力水平降低了13％，12％或7 ％， 分别。 RCA在低钾土壤上的更大效用与以下事实有关：缺钾植物的根系生长比缺磷和缺氮植物的根系对碳的限制更大。与缺钾的植物相反，缺磷和缺氮的植物会随着缺钾的发展向根系分配更多的碳。 RCA的效用还取决于其他根酚和环境因素。在低磷土壤（7.5μm）上，横向分支密度增加的植物的RCA利用率是正常分支的植物的2.9倍。在低硝酸盐土壤上，RCA形成的效用在硝酸盐浸出较高的较粗糙土壤中提高了56％。 RCA形成的大量遗传变异以及RCA在一系列胁迫下的效用将RCA定位为增强土壤资源获取的有趣的育种目标。

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