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Phosphoregulation of the Plant Cellulose Synthase Complex and Cellulose Synthase-Like Proteins

机译:植物纤维素合酶复合物和纤维素合酶样蛋白的磷酸化

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摘要

Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on the planet, is synthesized at the plasma membrane of plant cells by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). Cellulose is the primary load-bearing polysaccharide of plant cell walls and enables cell walls to maintain cellular shape and rigidity. The CSC is comprised of functionally distinct cellulose synthase A (CESA) proteins, which are responsible for synthesizing cellulose, and additional accessory proteins. Moreover, CESA-like (CSL) proteins are proposed to synthesize other essential non-cellulosic polysaccharides that comprise plant cell walls. The deposition of cell-wall polysaccharides is dynamically regulated in response to a variety of developmental and environmental stimuli, and post-translational phosphorylation has been proposed as one mechanism to mediate this dynamic regulation. In this review, we discuss CSC composition, the dynamics of CSCs in vivo, critical studies that highlight the post-translational control of CESAs and CSLs, and the receptor kinases implicated in plant cell-wall biosynthesis. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging importance of post-translational phosphorylation-based regulation of CSCs on the basis of current knowledge in the field.
机译:纤维素是地球上最丰富的生物聚合物,是通过纤维素合酶复合物(CSC)在植物细胞的质膜上合成的。纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要承重多糖,可使细胞壁保持细胞的形状和刚度。 CSC由负责合成纤维素的功能独特的纤维素合酶A(CESA)蛋白和其他辅助蛋白组成。此外,提出了类似CESA的(CSL)蛋白来合成包含植物细胞壁的其他必需的非纤维素多糖。响应各种发育和环境刺激,动态调节细胞壁多糖的沉积,并且已提出翻译后磷酸化是介导这种动态调节的一种机制。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了CSC的组成,体内CSC的动力学,重点突出了CESA和CSL的翻译后控制的关键研究,以及涉及植物细胞壁生物合成的受体激酶。此外,我们基于该领域的当前知识,强调了基于翻译后磷酸化的CSC调控的新兴重要性。

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