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Asymmetric Catalysis Special Feature Part I: Helically chiral polymers: A class of ligands for asymmetric catalysis

机译:不对称催化的特征第一部分:螺旋手性聚合物:一类用于不对称催化的配体

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摘要

Helically chiral polymers from achiral monomers containing N and P atoms have been shown to be ligands for transition metals such as Pd and Rh. The Rh complex of the phosphane-containing polyisocyanate p(18-co-17) was an active albeit hardly enantioselective catalyst in the asymmetric hydrogenation of the dehydro amino acid N-acetamidocinnamic acid (15% enantiomeric excess). The most active catalyst obtained until now was the Pd-complexed polymethacrylate Pd-p12, which catalyzes the allylic substitution reaction of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl acetate with dimethyl malonate even at –20°C in quantitative yield, although again the enantioselectivity was unsatisfactory. The most successful application of a helically chiral polymer in asymmetric catalysis with respect to both reactivity and enantioselectivity is the polymethacrylate p(5-co-8). Its palladium complex catalyzes the above-mentioned reaction at 0°C with quantitative yield and 60% enantiomeric excess.
机译:来自包含N和P原子的非手性单体的螺旋手性聚合物已显示是过渡金属如Pd和Rh的配体。含膦的多异氰酸酯p(18-co-17)的Rh络合物在脱氢氨基酸N-乙酰氨基二甲酰胺酸的不对称氢化中(对映体过量15%)几乎是对映选择性催化剂。迄今为止,获得的最具活性的催化剂是钯络合物的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Pd-p12,即使在–20°C时,它也可以定量地催化1,3-二苯基丙-2-烯基乙酸酯与丙二酸二甲酯的烯丙基取代反应,尽管对映选择性不令人满意。就反应性和对映选择性而言,螺旋手性聚合物在不对称催化中最成功的应用是聚甲基丙烯酸酯p(5-co-8)。它的钯络合物在0°C下以定量收率和60%对映体过量催化上述反应。

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