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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Pleistocene desiccation in East Africa bottlenecked but did not extirpate the adaptive radiation of Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes
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Pleistocene desiccation in East Africa bottlenecked but did not extirpate the adaptive radiation of Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes

机译：东非的更新世干燥成为瓶颈但并未消除维多利亚湖单倍铬素丽鱼科鱼类的适应性辐射

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The Great Lakes region of East Africa, including Lake Victoria, is the center of diversity of the mega-diverse cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei). Paleolimnological evidence indicates dramatic desiccation of this lake ca. 18,000–15,000 years ago. Consequently, the hundreds of extant endemic haplochromine species in the lake must have either evolved since then or refugia must have existed, within that lake basin or elsewhere, from which Lake Victoria was recolonized. We studied the population history of the Lake Victoria region superflock (LVRS) of haplochromine cichlids based on nuclear genetic analysis (12 microsatellite loci from 400 haplochomines) of populations from Lake Kivu, Lake Victoria, and the connected and surrounding rivers and lakes. Population genetic analyses confirmed that Lake Kivu haplochromines colonized Lake Victoria. Coalescent analyses show a 30- to 50-fold decline in the haplochromine populations of Lake Victoria, Lake Kivu, and the region ca. 18,000–15,000 years ago. We suggest that this coincides with drastic climatic and geological changes in the late Pleistocene. The most recent common ancestor of the Lake Victoria region haplochromines was estimated to have existed about 4.5 million years ago, which corresponds to the first radiation of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and the origin of the tribe Haplochrominii. This relatively old evolutionary origin may explain the high levels of polymorphism still found in modern haplochromines. This degree of polymorphism might have acted as a “genetic reservoir” that permitted the explosive radiation of hundreds of haplochromines and their array of contemporary adaptive morphologies.
机译：东非的大湖地区（包括维多利亚湖）是巨型丽鱼科鱼类的多样性中心（Perciformes：Teleostei）。古生物学证据表明该湖的剧烈干燥。 18,000–15,000年前。因此，湖中数百种现存的单倍铬碱物种必须从那时起就已经进化，或者在那个湖盆地或其他地方（维多利亚湖被重新定殖的其他地方）必须存在避难所。我们基于对基伍湖，维多利亚湖，以及相连和周边的河流和湖泊进行的核遗传分析（来自400个单核苷酸的12个微卫星基因座），研究了单峰丽鱼科鱼的维多利亚湖超群（LVRS）的种群历史。群体遗传学分析证实，基伍湖单倍铬碱定居在维多利亚湖上。合并分析显示，维多利亚湖，基伍湖和约克地区的单倍铬碱种群下降了30至50倍。 18,000–15,000年前。我们建议，这与晚更新世的剧烈气候和地质变化相吻合。维多利亚湖地区单倍铬碱的最新共同祖先估计存在于450万年前，这对应于坦any尼喀湖的丽鱼科鱼的首次辐射以及部落单倍体的起源。这种相对较古老的进化起源可能解释了现代单倍色氨酸中仍然存在的高水平多态性。这种程度的多态性可能充当了“遗传库”，使数百个单倍色氨酸及其当代适应性形态的阵列发生爆炸性辐射。

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