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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Composition and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
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Composition and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

机译：在Deepwater Horizo​​n溢油事故中释放到水柱中的天然气和石油的成分和结局

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Quantitative information regarding the endmember composition of the gas and oil that flowed from the Macondo well during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is essential for determining the oil flow rate, total oil volume released, and trajectories and fates of hydrocarbon components in the marine environment. Using isobaric gas-tight samplers, we collected discrete samples directly above the Macondo well on June 21, 2010, and analyzed the gas and oil. We found that the fluids flowing from the Macondo well had a gas-to-oil ratio of 1,600 standard cubic feet per petroleum barrel. Based on the measured endmember gas-to-oil ratio and the Federally estimated net liquid oil release of 4.1 million barrels, the total amount of C1-C5 hydrocarbons released to the water column was 1.7 × 1011 g. The endmember gas and oil compositions then enabled us to study the fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in discrete water samples collected in June 2010 within a southwest trending hydrocarbon-enriched plume of neutrally buoyant water at a water depth of 1,100 m. The most abundant petroleum hydrocarbons larger than C1-C5 were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes at concentrations up to 78 μg L-1. Comparison of the endmember gas and oil composition with the composition of water column samples showed that the plume was preferentially enriched with water-soluble components, indicating that aqueous dissolution played a major role in plume formation, whereas the fates of relatively insoluble petroleum components were initially controlled by other processes.
机译：在“深水地平线”溢油事故期间，从Macondo井中流出的天然气和石油的最终成员组成的定量信息对于确定海洋环境中的石油流速，释放的总石油量以及碳氢化合物成分的轨迹和命运至关重要。使用等压气密采样器，我们于2010年6月21日在Macondo井正上方收集了离散样本，并对天然气和石油进行了分析。我们发现，从Macondo井流出的流体的气油比为每石油桶1600标准立方英尺。根据测得的端构件气油比和联邦政府估计的410万桶净液态油释放量，释放到水柱中的C1-C5碳氢化合物总量为1.7×10 11 g 。然后，最终成员的天然气和石油成分使我们能够研究2010年6月在西南趋势的富含烃的中性浮力水柱中，水深1,100 m内收集的离散水样品中的石油烃馏分。大于C1-C5的最丰富的石油烃是苯，甲苯，乙苯和总二甲苯，浓度最高可达78μgL -1 。将末端气体和油的组成与水柱样品的组成进行比较表明，羽流优先富含水溶性成分，这表明水溶解在羽流形成中起主要作用，而相对不溶性石油成分的命运最初是由其他过程控制。

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