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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity
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Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity

机译：土地利用强度的年际变化增强了草地的多样性

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摘要

Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.
机译：尽管时间异质性是公认的生物多样性驱动因素，但土地利用强度（LUI）年际变化的影响尚未得到解决。此外，不同生物之间对土地利用的反应可能有很大的不同。因此，人们几乎不了解土地利用对当地总生物多样性的总体影响。为了测试LUI（量化为施肥，放牧和割草的总强度）和LUI的年际变化（LUI跨时间变化）的影响，我们引入了一种独特的方法来衡量整个生态系统的生物多样性，多样性。这综合了来自150个草原的多达49种植物，动物，真菌和细菌的生物分类群的个体多样性测度。草地物种多样性随着土地利用强度的增加而下降，特别是对于稀有物种和地上生物而言，而对普通物种和地下群体则较不敏感。然而，LUI的高年际变化增加了低LUI时的总体多样性，并且对稀有物种更为有利，因为这减缓了稀有物种的多样性随LUI的增加而下降的速度。在集约化程度更高的草地上，当LUI随时间变化为静态时，稀有物种的多样性平均为所有草地最大多样性的18％，但当LUI随时间变化最大时增加至最大多样性的31％。除了减少总体LUI之外，我们还建议将多年来不同的LUI作为促进生物多样性保护的补充策略。

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