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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Neural systems supporting linguistic structure linguistic experience and symbolic communication in sign language and gesture
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Neural systems supporting linguistic structure linguistic experience and symbolic communication in sign language and gesture

机译：支持手语和手势的语言结构语言体验以及符号交流的神经系统

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Sign languages used by deaf communities around the world possess the same structural and organizational properties as spoken languages: In particular, they are richly expressive and also tightly grammatically constrained. They therefore offer the opportunity to investigate the extent to which the neural organization for language is modality independent, as well as to identify ways in which modality influences this organization. The fact that sign languages share the visual–manual modality with a nonlinguistic symbolic communicative system—gesture—further allows us to investigate where the boundaries lie between language and symbolic communication more generally. In the present study, we had three goals: to investigate the neural processing of linguistic structure in American Sign Language (using verbs of motion classifier constructions, which may lie at the boundary between language and gesture); to determine whether we could dissociate the brain systems involved in deriving meaning from symbolic communication (including both language and gesture) from those specifically engaged by linguistically structured content (sign language); and to assess whether sign language experience influences the neural systems used for understanding nonlinguistic gesture. The results demonstrated that even sign language constructions that appear on the surface to be similar to gesture are processed within the left-lateralized frontal-temporal network used for spoken languages—supporting claims that these constructions are linguistically structured. Moreover, although nonsigners engage regions involved in human action perception to process communicative, symbolic gestures, signers instead engage parts of the language-processing network—demonstrating an influence of experience on the perception of nonlinguistic stimuli.
机译：世界各地的聋人社区使用的手语与口语具有相同的结构和组织特性：特别是，它们具有丰富的表现力，并且受到严格的语法约束。因此，他们提供了机会来调查语言的神经组织在何种程度上独立于情态，以及确定情态影响该组织的方式。手语与非语言符号交流系统（手势）共享视觉-手动模式，这一事实进一步使我们能够更广泛地研究语言与符号交流之间的界限。在本研究中，我们有三个目标：研究美国手语中语言结构的神经处理（使用运动分类器构造的动词，其可能位于语言和手势之间的边界）；确定我们是否可以将涉及从符号交流（包括语言和手势）中获取含义的大脑系统与专门由语言结构化内容（手势语）参与的大脑系统分离开来；并评估手语体验是否会影响用于理解非语言手势的神经系统。结果表明，即使表面上看起来类似于手势的手语结构也在用于语音的左侧正面时间网络中得到了处理，这支持了这些结构在语言上的结构。此外，尽管非签署者会参与人类动作感知中涉及的区域来处理交流，象征性手势，但签署者反而会参与语言处理网络的一部分，这表明经验对非语言刺激的感知产生了影响。

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