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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Microgrooves and fluid flows provide preferential passageways for sperm over pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus
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Microgrooves and fluid flows provide preferential passageways for sperm over pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus

机译：微槽和流体流为精子提供了优先于病原菌Tritrichomonas胎儿的通道

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Successful mammalian reproduction requires that sperm migrate through a long and convoluted female reproductive tract before reaching oocytes. For many years, fertility studies have focused on biochemical and physiological requirements of sperm. Here we show that the biophysical environment of the female reproductive tract critically guides sperm migration, while at the same time preventing the invasion of sexually transmitted pathogens. Using a microfluidic model, we demonstrate that a gentle fluid flow and microgrooves, typically found in the female reproductive tract, synergistically facilitate bull sperm migration toward the site of fertilization. In contrast, a flagellated sexually transmitted bovine pathogen, Tritrichomonas foetus, is swept downstream under the same conditions. We attribute the differential ability of sperm and T. foetus to swim against flow to the distinct motility types of sperm and T. foetus; specifically, sperm swim using a posterior flagellum and are near-surface swimmers, whereas T. foetus swims primarily via three anterior flagella and demonstrates much lower attraction to surfaces. This work highlights the importance of biophysical cues within the female reproductive tract in the reproductive process and provides insight into coevolution of males and females to promote fertilization while suppressing infection. Furthermore, the results provide previously unidentified directions for the development of in vitro fertilization devices and contraceptives.
机译：成功的哺乳动物繁殖需要精子在到达卵母细胞之前通过长而曲折的雌性生殖道迁移。多年来，生育能力研究一直专注于精子的生化和生理需求。在这里，我们显示女性生殖道的生物物理环境可指导精子迁移，同时防止性传播病原体的入侵。使用微流体模型，我们证明了通常在雌性生殖道中发现的轻柔的流体流动和微沟槽可以协同促进公牛精子向受精部位的迁移。相反，在相同条件下，鞭毛性传播的牛病原体Tritrichomonas foetus在下游被清扫。我们将精子和T.胎儿游动能力的差异归因于精子和T.胎儿的不同运动类型。具体来说，精子使用后鞭毛游泳，并且是近地表游泳者，而胎儿螺旋藻主要通过三个前鞭毛游泳，并且对水面的吸引力要低得多。这项工作突出了雌性生殖道内生物物理线索在生殖过程中的重要性，并提供了对雄性和雌性共同进化以促进受精同时抑制感染的见解。此外，结果为体外受精装置和避孕药的开发提供了以前无法确定的方向。

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