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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >From the Cover: Importance of a species’ socioecology: Wolves outperform dogs in a conspecific cooperation task
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From the Cover: Importance of a species’ socioecology: Wolves outperform dogs in a conspecific cooperation task

机译：从封面开始：物种社会生态学的重要性：在一项特定的合作任务中狼胜过狗

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A number of domestication hypotheses suggest that dogs have acquired a more tolerant temperament than wolves, promoting cooperative interactions with humans and conspecifics. This selection process has been proposed to resemble the one responsible for our own greater cooperative inclinations in comparison with our closest living relatives. However, the socioecology of wolves and dogs, with the former relying more heavily on cooperative activities, predicts that at least with conspecifics, wolves should cooperate better than dogs. Here we tested similarly raised wolves and dogs in a cooperative string-pulling task with conspecifics and found that wolves outperformed dogs, despite comparable levels of interest in the task. Whereas wolves coordinated their actions so as to simultaneously pull the rope ends, leading to success, dogs pulled the ropes in alternate moments, thereby never succeeding. Indeed in dog dyads it was also less likely that both members simultaneously engaged in other manipulative behaviors on the apparatus. Different conflict-management strategies are likely responsible for these results, with dogs’ avoidance of potential competition over the apparatus constraining their capacity to coordinate actions. Wolves, in contrast, did not hesitate to manipulate the ropes simultaneously, and once cooperation was initiated, rapidly learned to coordinate in more complex conditions as well. Social dynamics (rank and affiliation) played a key role in success rates. Results call those domestication hypotheses that suggest dogs evolved greater cooperative inclinations into question, and rather support the idea that dogs’ and wolves’ different social ecologies played a role in affecting their capacity for conspecific cooperation and communication.
机译：许多驯化假设表明，狗比狼具有更宽容的性情，从而促进了与人和特定物种之间的协作性相互作用。提出这一选拔过程类似于与我们最亲近的亲戚相比负责我们自己更大的合作倾向的过程。但是，狼和狗的社会生态学（前者更多地依赖于合作活动）预测，至少在特定物种的情况下，狼的合作应比狗更好。在这里，我们用同种动物在协作的拉弦任务中测试了类似饲养的狼和狗，发现尽管对这项任务的兴趣水平相当，但狼的表现却优于狗。狼协调其行动，以便同时拉动绳索的末端，从而获得成功，而狗却在交替的时刻拉动绳索，因此从未成功。的确，在狗二元组中，两个成员同时从事该设备上其他操纵行为的可能性也较小。不同的冲突管理策略可能会导致这些结果，因为狗避免在器械上进行潜在竞争，从而限制了它们协调行动的能力。相比之下，狼则毫不犹豫地同时操纵绳索，一旦开始合作，他们很快就会学会在更复杂的条件下进行协调。社会动态（等级和从属关系）对成功率起着关键作用。结果称那些驯化假说，这些假说表明狗进化出更大的合作倾向，并支持狗和狼的不同社会生态在影响其具体合作和交流能力中起作用的观点。

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