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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Simple phalanx pattern leads to energy saving in cohesive fish schooling
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Simple phalanx pattern leads to energy saving in cohesive fish schooling

机译：简单的方阵模式可在粘性鱼的养殖中节省能源

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摘要

The question of how individuals in a population organize when living in groups arises for systems as different as a swarm of microorganisms or a flock of seagulls. The different patterns for moving collectively involve a wide spectrum of reasons, such as evading predators or optimizing food prospection. Also, the schooling pattern has often been associated with an advantage in terms of energy consumption. In this study, we use a popular aquarium fish, the red nose tetra fish, Hemigrammus bleheri, which is known to swim in highly cohesive groups, to analyze the schooling dynamics. In our experiments, fish swim in a shallow-water tunnel with controlled velocity, and stereoscopic video recordings are used to track the 3D positions of each individual in a school, as well as their tail-beating kinematics. Challenging the widespread idea of fish favoring a diamond pattern to swim more efficiently [Weihs D (1973) Nature 241:290–291], we observe that when fish are forced to swim fast—well above their free-swimming typical velocity, and hence in a situation where efficient swimming would be favored—the most frequent configuration is the “phalanx” or “soldier” formation, with all individuals swimming side by side. We explain this observation by considering the advantages of tail-beating synchronization between neighbors, which we have also characterized. Most importantly, we show that schooling is advantageous as compared with swimming alone from an energy-efficiency perspective.
机译：群体中的个体如何在成群居住时如何组织的问题出现在诸如微生物群或海鸥群等不同的系统上。集体移动的不同模式涉及各种各样的原因，例如逃避捕食者或优化食物勘探。而且，就教育方式而言，经常在能源消耗方面具有优势。在这项研究中，我们使用一种流行的水族馆鱼，红鼻四头鱼Hemigrammus bleheri（众所周知，它会在高度凝聚的群体中游泳）来分析教育动态。在我们的实验中，鱼在速度受控的浅水隧道中游泳，并使用立体视频记录来跟踪学校中每个人的3D位置及其拍打运动。挑战普遍存在的鱼，它们倾向于菱形图案以更有效地游泳[Weihs D（1973）Nature 241：290-291]，我们观察到，当鱼被迫快速游泳时—远高于其自由游动的典型速度，因此在需要高效游泳的情况下，最常见的配置是“方阵”或“士兵”编队，所有个人并排游泳。我们通过考虑邻居之间的尾部拍子同步的优势来解释此观察，这也是我们的特点。最重要的是，从能源效率的角度来看，与单独游泳相比，我们证明了学校教育有优势。

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