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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >From the CoverPNAS Plus: Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe
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From the CoverPNAS Plus: Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe

机译：来自CoverPNAS Plus：青铜时代的人口动态和东亚欧亚草原上奶牛放牧的兴起

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Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300–2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380–975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (∼7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of >10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups.
机译：最近的古基因组学研究表明，西方草原牧民（WSH）的迁徙始于石器时代（公元前3300年至2700年），深刻地改变了欧洲和中亚的基因和文化。但是，与欧洲相比，WSH扩展的东部范围还不确定。在这里，我们介绍了来自22个直接约会的青铜时代晚期墓葬的基因组学和蛋白质组学数据，这些墓葬可能与蒙古北部的早期牧民有关（公元前1380年至975年）。全基因组分析表明，它们主要来自贝加尔湖地区以青铜时代早期的狩猎者-采集者为代表的种群，仅占WSH祖先的一小部分（约7％）。但是，同时，牙结石的质谱分析提供了9个人中7个人食用牛，羊和山羊奶的直接蛋白质证据。尽管附近阿尔泰-萨彦地区存在WSH人口超过一千年，但没有人显示出乳糖酶持续存在的分子证据，只有一个人显示了WSH祖先> 10％的证据。与欧洲新石器时代农业的流行和西方草原上青铜时代牧民主义的发展不同，我们的研究结果表明，东部草原上的反刍动物奶牛牧场主义是通过文化传播和与外界进行最少的遗传交换而被当地的狩猎采集者采用的组。

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