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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >How intermittent breaks in interaction improve collective intelligence
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How intermittent breaks in interaction improve collective intelligence

机译：互动中的间歇性中断如何提高集体智慧

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摘要

People influence each other when they interact to solve problems. Such social influence introduces both benefits (higher average solution quality due to exploitation of existing answers through social learning) and costs (lower maximum solution quality due to a reduction in individual exploration for novel answers) relative to independent problem solving. In contrast to prior work, which has focused on how the presence and network structure of social influence affect performance, here we investigate the effects of time. We show that when social influence is intermittent it provides the benefits of constant social influence without the costs. Human subjects solved the canonical traveling salesperson problem in groups of three, randomized into treatments with constant social influence, intermittent social influence, or no social influence. Groups in the intermittent social-influence treatment found the optimum solution frequently (like groups without influence) but had a high mean performance (like groups with constant influence); they learned from each other, while maintaining a high level of exploration. Solutions improved most on rounds with social influence after a period of separation. We also show that storing subjects’ best solutions so that they could be reloaded and possibly modified in subsequent rounds—a ubiquitous feature of personal productivity software—is similar to constant social influence: It increases mean performance but decreases exploration.
机译：人们互动解决问题时会互相影响。相对于独立的问题解决方案，这种社会影响力既带来了收益（由于通过社会学习利用了现有答案而获得了更高的平均解决方案质量），也带来了成本（由于对新颖答案的个体探索减少而导致了最高解决方案质量降低）。与之前的工作侧重于社会影响力的存在和网络结构如何影响绩效相反，在这里我们研究时间的影响。我们表明，当社会影响是断断续续的时，它会带来持续不断的社会影响而无需付出任何代价。人类受试者以三人一组的方式解决了规范的旅行销售员问题，随机分为具有持续社会影响力，间歇性社会影响力或无社会影响力的治疗方法。间歇性社会影响治疗组经常找到最佳解决方案（如无影响的组），但平均绩效较高（如有恒定影响的组）；他们互相学习，同时保持较高的探索水平。经过一段时间的分离后，解决方案在具有社会影响力的各个回合中大为改善。我们还表明，存储主题的最佳解决方案以便可以在以后的工作中重新加载和修改它们（个人生产力软件的普遍功能）类似于持续不断的社会影响：它提高了平均绩效，却减少了探索。

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