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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Collapse of a desert bird community over the past century driven by climate change
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Collapse of a desert bird community over the past century driven by climate change

机译：在过去的一个世纪中由于气候变化荒漠鸟类群落崩溃

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Climate change has caused deserts, already defined by climatic extremes, to warm and dry more rapidly than other ecoregions in the contiguous United States over the last 50 years. Desert birds persist near the edge of their physiological limits, and climate change could cause lethal dehydration and hyperthermia, leading to decline or extirpation of some species. We evaluated how desert birds have responded to climate and habitat change by resurveying historic sites throughout the Mojave Desert that were originally surveyed for avian diversity during the early 20th century by Joseph Grinnell and colleagues. We found strong evidence of an avian community in collapse. Sites lost on average 43% of their species, and occupancy probability declined significantly for 39 of 135 breeding birds. The common raven was the only native species to substantially increase across survey sites. Climate change, particularly decline in precipitation, was the most important driver of site-level persistence, while habitat change had a secondary influence. Habitat preference and diet were the two most important species traits associated with occupancy change. The presence of surface water reduced the loss of site-level richness, creating refugia. The collapse of the avian community over the past century may indicate a larger imbalance in the Mojave and provide an early warning of future ecosystem disintegration, given climate models unanimously predict an increasingly dry and hot future.
机译：在过去的50年中，气候变化已使沙漠（已经由极端气候定义）比连绵的美国其他生态区域更快地变暖和干燥。沙漠鸟类在其生理极限的边缘附近持续存在，气候变化可能导致致命的脱水和体温过高，导致某些物种的衰退或灭绝。我们通过对整个莫哈韦沙漠的历史遗迹进行调查，评估了沙漠鸟类对气候和栖息地变化的反应，这些遗迹最初是由约瑟夫·格林内尔及其同事在20世纪初进行调查的。我们找到了鸟类崩溃的有力证据。这些场所平均损失了其物种的43％，而135种繁殖鸟类中的39只的占用概率显着下降。普通乌鸦是唯一在调查地点之间大量增加的本地物种。气候变化，特别是降水量的减少，是地点一级持久性的最重要驱动力，而栖息地变化具有次要影响。生境偏好和饮食是与占用率变化相关的两个最重要的物种性状。地表水的存在减少了站点级丰富度的损失，从而产生了避难所。鉴于气候模型一致预测未来将变得越来越干燥和炎热，在过去的一个世纪中，鸟类群落的崩溃可能表明莫哈韦沙漠地区更大的失衡，并为未来的生态系统崩溃提供了预警。

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