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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >PNAS Plus: Assembly of modern mammal community structure driven by Late Cretaceous dental evolution rise of flowering plants and dinosaur demise
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PNAS Plus: Assembly of modern mammal community structure driven by Late Cretaceous dental evolution rise of flowering plants and dinosaur demise

机译：PNAS Plus：由晚白垩纪牙齿演化开花植物的崛起和恐龙灭亡驱动的现代哺乳动物群落结构的组装

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The long-standing view that Mesozoic mammaliaforms living in dinosaur-dominated ecosystems were ecologically constrained to small size and insectivory has been challenged by astonishing fossil discoveries over the last three decades. By studying these well-preserved early mammaliaform specimens, paleontologists now agree that mammaliaforms underwent ecomorphological diversification during the Mesozoic Era. This implies that Mesozoic mammaliaform communities had ecological structure and breadth that were comparable to today’s small-bodied mammalian communities. However, this hypothesis remains untested in part because the primary focus of most studies is on individual taxa. Here, we present a study quantifying the ecological structure of Mesozoic mammaliaform communities with the aim of identifying evolutionary and ecological drivers that influenced the deep-time assembly of small-bodied mammaliaform communities. We used body size, dietary preference, and locomotor mode to establish the ecospace occupation of 98 extant, small-bodied mammalian communities from diverse biomes around the world. We calculated ecological disparity and ecological richness to measure the magnitude of ecological differences among species in a community and the number of different eco-cells occupied by species of a community, respectively. This modern dataset served as a reference for analyzing five exceptionally preserved, extinct mammaliaform communities (two Jurassic, two Cretaceous, one Eocene) from Konservat-Lagerstätten. Our results indicate that the interplay of at least three factors, namely the evolution of the tribosphenic molar, the ecological rise of angiosperms, and potential competition with other vertebrates, may have been critical in shaping the ecological structure of small-bodied mammaliaform communities through time.
机译：在过去的三十年中，长期以来的观点认为，存在于以恐龙为主的生态系统中的中生哺乳动物形态在生态上被限制为小尺寸和食虫性，这一观点一直受到令人惊讶的化石发现的挑战。通过研究这些保存完好的早期哺乳动物形态标本，古生物学家现在同意，哺乳动物形态在中生代时期经历了生态形态多样化。这意味着中生代哺乳动物形群落的生态结构和广度可与当今的小型身体群落相媲美。但是，该假设尚未得到验证，部分原因是大多数研究的主要重点是单个分类单元。在这里，我们提出了一项量化中生哺乳动物型群落生态结构的研究，目的是确定影响小规模哺乳动物型群落深层组装的进化和生态驱动力。我们使用了体型，饮食习惯和运动模式，建立了来自世界各地不同生物群落的98个现存的小型身体哺乳动物社区的生态空间占领。我们计算了生态差异和生态丰富度，以衡量社区中物种之间生态差异的大小以及社区中物种所占据的不同生态单元的数量。该现代数据集可作为分析Konservat-Lagerstätten的5个保存完好的灭绝哺乳动物形式的群落（两个侏罗纪，两个白垩纪，一个始新世）的参考。我们的结果表明，至少三个因素的相互作用，即磨擦性臼齿的进化，被子植物的生态上升以及与其他脊椎动物的潜在竞争，可能对塑造随时间变化的小体哺乳动物群落的生态结构至关重要。 。

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