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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of evolutionary biology >Diversity patterns amongst herbivorous dinosaurs and plants during the Cretaceous: implications for hypotheses of dinosaur/angiosperm co-evolution
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Diversity patterns amongst herbivorous dinosaurs and plants during the Cretaceous: implications for hypotheses of dinosaur/angiosperm co-evolution

机译：白垩纪草食性恐龙和植物之间的多样性模式：对恐龙/ Angosperm共同进化假说的启示

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Palaeobiologists frequently attempt to identify examples of co-evolutionary interactions over extended geological timescales. These hypotheses are often intuitively appealing, as co-evolution is so prevalent in extant ecosystems, and are easy to formulate; however, they are much more difficult to test than their modern analogues. Among the more intriguing deep time co-evolutionary scenarios are those that relate changes in Cretaceous dinosaur faunas to the primary radiation of flowering plants. Demonstration of temporal congruence between the diversifications of co-evolving groups is necessary to establish whether co-evolution could have occurred in such cases, but is insufficient to prove whether it actually did take place. Diversity patterns do, however, provide a means for falsifying such hypotheses. We have compiled a new database of Cretaceous dinosaur and plant distributions from information in the primary literature. This is used as the basis for plotting taxonomic diversity and occurrence curves for herbivorous dinosaurs (Sauropodomorpha, Stegosauria, Ankylosauria, Ornithopoda, Ceratopsia, Pachycephalosauria and herbivorous theropods) and major groups of plants (angiosperms, Bennettitales, cycads, cycadophytes, conifers, Filicales and Ginkgoales) that co-occur in dinosaur-bearing formations. Pairwise statistical comparisons were made between various floral and faunal groups to test for any significant similarities in the shapes of their diversity curves through time. We show that, with one possible exception, diversity patterns for major groups of herbivorous dinosaurs are not positively correlated with angiosperm diversity. In other words, at the level of major clades, there is no support for any diffuse co-evolutionary relationship between herbivorous dinosaurs and flowering plants. The diversification of Late Cretaceous pachycephalosaurs (excluding the problematic taxon Stenopelix) shows a positive correlation, but this might be spuriously related to poor sampling in the Turonian-Santonian interval. Stegosauria shows a significant negative correlation with flowering plants and a significant positive correlation with the nonflowering cycadophytes (cycads, Bennettitales). This interesting pattern is worthy of further investigation, and it reflects the decline of both stegosaurs and cycadophytes during the Early Cretaceous.
机译：古生物学家经常尝试在扩展的地质时间尺度上确定共同进化相互作用的例子。这些假设通常在直觉上很有吸引力，因为共同进化在现存的生态系统中如此普遍，并且易于提出。但是，它们比现代的类似物更难测试。在更有趣的深层共同进化场景中，有一些将白垩纪恐龙动物区系的变化与开花植物的主要辐射联系起来。为了确定在这种情况下是否可能发生共同进化，必须证明共同进化群体的多元化之间在时间上的一致性，但这不足以证明它是否确实发生了。但是，多样性模式确实为伪造这种假设提供了一种手段。我们已经从原始文献中的信息中收集了白垩纪恐龙和植物分布的新数据库。这用作绘制草食性恐龙（Sauropodomorpha，剑齿龙，Ankylosauria，Ornithopoda，Ceratopsia，Pachycephalosauria和草食性兽脚类）和主要植物类（类植物，象皮动物，贝类，圆环类，圆环类，圆环类，食足类）的分类学多样性和发生曲线的基础。银杏）在恐龙的形态中同时发生。在各个花卉和动物群之间进行成对统计比较，以检验其多样性曲线形状随时间的任何显着相似性。我们表明，除了一个可能的例外，主要草食恐龙群的多样性模式与被子植物多样性没有正相关。换句话说，在主要进化枝的水平上，不支持食草恐龙与开花植物之间的任何弥散的共同进化关系。白垩纪晚期的头颅龙的多样性（不包括有问题的分类群Stenopelix）显示出正相关，但这可能与Turonian-Santonian间隔中的采样差有关。剑龙与开花植物呈显着负相关，与非开花环生植物（苏铁科植物，贝纳提塔利斯植物）呈显着正相关。这种有趣的模式值得进一步研究，它反映了在白垩纪早期剑龙和环脉藻类植物的数量下降。

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