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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Psychology Research and Behavior Management >Beyond expectation: a case for nonpersonal contextual factors in a more comprehensive approach to the placebo effect and the contribution of environmental psychology
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Beyond expectation: a case for nonpersonal contextual factors in a more comprehensive approach to the placebo effect and the contribution of environmental psychology

机译：超出预期：以非个人背景因素为例以更全面的方法来研究安慰剂的作用和环境心理学的贡献

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Creating an optimized health care environment to maximize the probability and magnitude of placebo effects draws on a number of well-researched mechanisms such as the patient’s positive expectation toward treatment outcome. Patient-centered communication styles influence expectations and can thus be considered as a form of supplemental treatment. Unconsciously processed contextual triggering and facilitating placebo effects are omnipresent in clinical settings as well as in all other social and physical environments. Contextual cues in both the social and physical domain exert influences on the recipient’s emotional state and recreational experiences. While the majority of research focuses on improving the patients’ expectations, classical conditioning effects of nonsocial contextual factors have been largely neglected in discussions on practical implementation of placebo-enhancing environments. Built on the empirically well-supported argument that conditioning processes act as a powerful tool to mobilize self-healing resources just as verbally induced expectations do, we argue for a stronger consideration of the effects of permanent, nonsocial and nonverbal environmental contexts. Environmental psychology is a new field of research within the psychological domain and offers a toolbox of opportunities for medical psychological research and health care practitioners to improve the treatment outcomes and benefits of health care environments.
机译：建立一个优化的医疗环境，以最大程度地提高安慰剂作用的可能性和强度，需要借助许多经过充分研究的机制，例如患者对治疗结果的积极期望。以患者为中心的沟通方式会影响期望值，因此可以被视为补充治疗的一种形式。在临床环境以及所有其他社交和身体环境中，无意识地处理情境触发和促进安慰剂的作用无处不在。社会和物理领域的上下文提示都会影响接收者的情绪状态和娱乐体验。尽管大多数研究都集中在改善患者的期望上，但在实际实施安慰剂增强环境的讨论中，非社会性背景因素的经典调节作用已被很大程度上忽略。建立在经验上得到充分支持的论点之上，即调理过程就像动词诱发的期望一样，是动员自我修复资源的有力工具，我们主张更深入地考虑永久性，非社会性和非言语性环境的影响。环境心理学是心理学领域内的一个新研究领域，它为医学心理学研究和卫生保健从业人员提供了机会来改善治疗结果和卫生保健环境的机会。

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