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Phylogeny biogeography and diversification patterns of side-necked turtles (Testudines: Pleurodira)

机译:侧颈龟的系统发育生物地理学和多样化模式(Testudines:Pleurodira)

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摘要

Pleurodires or side-necked turtles are today restricted to freshwater environments of South America, Africa–Madagascar and Australia, but in the past they were distributed much more broadly, being found also on Eurasia, India and North America, and marine environments. Two hypotheses were proposed to explain this distribution; in the first, vicariance would have shaped the current geographical distribution and, in the second, extinctions constrained a previously widespread distribution. Here, we aim to reconstruct pleurodiran biogeographic history and diversification patterns based on a new phylogenetic hypothesis recovered from the analysis of the largest morphological dataset yet compiled for the lineage, testing which biogeographical process prevailed during its evolutionary history. The resulting topology generally agrees with previous hypotheses of the group and shows that most diversification shifts were related to the exploration of new niches, e.g. littoral or marine radiations. In addition, as other turtles, pleurodires do not seem to have been much affected by either the Cretaceous–Palaeogene or the Eocene–Oligocene mass extinctions. The biogeographic analyses highlight the predominance of both anagenetic and cladogenetic dispersal events and support the importance of transoceanic dispersals as a more common driver of area changes than previously thought, agreeing with previous studies with other non-turtle lineages.
机译:如今,侧耳属或侧颈海龟仅限于南美,非洲-马达加斯加和澳大利亚的淡水环境,但过去它们的分布范围更广,在欧亚大陆,印度和北美以及海洋环境中也有发现。提出了两个假设来解释这种分布。在第一种情况下,迁徙会影响当前的地理分布;在第二种情况下,灭绝会限制以前的广泛分布。在这里,我们旨在根据从最大的形态学数据集的分析中获得的新的系统发育假说,重建胸膜生物的生物地理学历史和多样化模式,并对该谱系进行汇编,测试哪种生物地理过程在其进化史中占了上风。由此产生的拓扑结构通常与该小组以前的假设相符,并表明大多数多样化转移与对新壁ni的探索有关,例如沿海或海洋辐射。此外,与其他海龟一样,百日草似乎并未受到白垩纪-古近纪或始新世-渐新世大灭绝的影响。生物地理学分析突出显示了成矿作用和成岩成因的扩散事件的盛行,并支持了越洋扩散作为面积变化的更普遍驱动因素的重要性,这与先前对其他非乌龟谱系的研究一致。

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