摘要:Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in regulating the structure and function of cell membrane, immunity,lipid metabolism in mammalian.For researching the polyunsaturated fatty acids systhesis regulated by gene expression in hibernators,by means of the next transcriptome sequencing technology,we sequenced the transcriptom in the white adipose tissue of the Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus),and then got differentially expressed genes involved in hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase,enoyl-CoA dehydrogenase,delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase at four physiological stage:Initial-Fattening,Rapid-Fattening,Finished-Fattening and Hibernation.The results show that hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase up-regulate in hibernation and is different from Initial-Fattening significantly;The expression of enoyl-CoA dehydrogenase in Hibernation is also higher than Initial-Fattening and Rapid-Fattening significantly;delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase present a higher level in Initial-Fattening.These indicate that polyunsaturated fatty acids systhesis is regulated by gene expression in the Daurian ground squirrel.The cell membrane fluidity and immune ability may be adj usted in different physiological period by this way.%多不饱和脂肪酸对哺乳动物细胞膜的结构和功能、免疫能力、脂肪代谢等具有重要的调控作用。为研究其在冬眠动物体内合成受基因表达调控的情况,使用第2代转录组测序技术,对达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricuricus)的白色脂肪组织进行转录组测序,得到羟酰基辅酶A还原酶、烯酰辅酶 A脱氢酶、Δ5去饱和酶和Δ6去饱和酶的碱基序列,并测得它们在起始育肥期、快速育肥期、育肥完成期和冬眠期4个阶段的差异表达情况。结果显示:羟酰基辅酶 A还原酶在冬眠期表达上调,与起始育肥期差异显著;烯酰辅酶 A脱氢酶在冬眠期的表达量也显著高于起始育肥期和快速育肥期;Δ5去饱和酶和Δ6去饱和酶在起始育肥期高表达。表明达乌尔黄鼠体内多不饱和脂肪酸的合成存在着基因表达的调控,可能以此来实现在不同生理时期对细胞膜流动性和免疫能力的调节。
摘要:太阳能电池片上生长ZnO/Al薄膜电极的研究属于新型透明导电材料领域,具体涉及一种在未引入电极的太阳能电池片上制备ZnO/Al薄膜的方法。以未引入电极的太阳能电池片为基片,清洗后送入磁控溅射反应室,以纯 Al 为靶材进行磁控溅射得到20~300 nm 厚的 Al 薄膜,然后将基片置于气相沉积室内同时通入氧气和携带有 Zn(CH2 CH3)2的氩气,沉积得到50~600 nm厚的ZnO 薄膜,最后在氧气气氛下,于400~600℃对载有 ZnO 和 Al 薄膜的基片退火处理,得到ZnO/Al薄膜。制备工艺简单,沉积过程易于控制,透明导电薄膜的均匀性好,光电性能优异,以此作为太阳能电池的背电极,替代传统的铝金属电极,进一步提高了太阳能电池的转化效率。%The study is concerned with new type of transparent conductive materials in the field,particularly relates to a method for preparing the introduction of electrodes on a non-film solar cells ZnO/Al films.This method is based on research papers not introduced electrode film solar cells as a substrate,magnetron sputtering after cleaning into the reaction chamber to be pure Al as a target magnetron sputtering get 20~300 nm thick Al film,and then the substrate is placed into the vapor deposition chamber while passing an oxygen carrying and Zn(CH2 CH3 )2 ,argon,is deposited to give a thickness of 50~600 nm ZnO film,and finally in an oxygen atmosphere at 400~600 ℃ for containing ZnO and Al annealing the substrate film to obtain a ZnO/Al film.Preparation of this research paper is simple,easy to control the deposition process,the transparent conductive film uniformity and excellent optical performance,as the back electrode of the solar cell,which can replace the traditional aluminum metal electrode,and further improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells.
摘要:药物剂量和给药间隔时间的确定是临床给药方案设计中的关键问题。给药剂量过小无药效;剂量过大容易引起药物中毒。药物动力学用房室模拟人体,把给药后药物能迅速在周身各部位达到动态平衡的整个机体视为一个房室。针对单室模型的最佳给药方案问题,首先利用常微分方程建立“静注+静滴”的联合给药数学模型,在上次滴注与下次滴注初始剂量相同且等于首剂量的条件下确定重复给药体内药量的表达式;然后构建用积分来表示药量在人体内积蓄程度的目标函数,采用最优化方法,确定给药时间间隔、首次剂量、滴注时间和每天滴注次数等参数,进而得到使体内的毒素积蓄最小、安全有效的最佳给药方案。最后仿真结果表明,该方法可行有效。%Determinations of dose and dosing interval are key issues in clinical dosing strategy design.Too few doses can not make drugs effective;excessive doses can easily cause drug toxicity.In pharmacokinetic,compartment is used to simulate human body,and the whole organism,among which drugs can quickly reach dynamic balance after once dosing, is seen as a compartment.For the issue of the optimal dosing strategy under one-compartment model,firstly,differential equations are used to establish a unite dosing mathematical model of “intravenous inj ection+intravenous drip”,and for repeated dosing,the expression of dose in vivo is determined under the condition that the initial dose in vivo of each drip is equal;then integral is employed to build an obj ection function which represents the accumulation degree of dose in vivo, and optimization method is utilized to determine parameters such as dosing interval,first dose,drip time,the number of drip each day,then the optimal dosing strategy,which is safe,efficient and accumulates the least toxins in vivo,is obtained;finally,simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
摘要:讨论了一类带有时变时滞和非线性扰动的切换系统的鲁棒指数稳定性问题。通过构造新的李雅普诺夫-克拉索夫斯基函数研究切换系统的稳定性,同时考虑了时变时滞对系统稳定性的影响。在系统分析过程中,采用自由权矩阵的方法,提高问题的可解性并使结果具有更小的保守性,切换策略采用平均驻留时间的方法,未知的非线性扰动采用通常的限制方法。根据 Lyapunov稳定性定理,得到了切换系统时滞依赖鲁棒指数稳定性的充分条件。该判定条件不易检验,利用 Schur补引理可以把这个条件化成等价的易于求解的线性矩阵不等式形式,从而获得该类系统鲁棒稳定性的切换控制策略。%This paper considers the robust exponential stability for switched systems with time-varying delay and nonlinear perturbations.A Lyapunov-Krasovskii function,which takes the range information of the time-varying delay into account, is proposed to analyze the stability. Furthermore,we also consider the effect of time-varying delay on the stability of switched systems. In the analysis of switched systems,free-weighting matrices is employed to improve the solvability of problems and make the result be less conservative.The switching strategy is proj ected by using average dwell time method,and nonlinear perturbations are limited to common constraint without loss generality.The sufficient condition of delay-range-dependent exponential stability for switched systems is presented by using Lyapunov stability theory.However,this condition is not easy to verify.This problem can be solved easily by transforming them into equivalent linear matrix inequalities (LMIS)using Schur complement lemma.Finally,switched law of robust exponential stability is obtained for switched systems with time-varying delay and nonlinear perturbations.
摘要:现代化的工业生产在对传统液体混合易于操作、安全生产的需求的基础上又提出了新的要求:控制精准、易于检测。这对现实生产中易燃易爆、有毒腐蚀性的工业原材料的混合调配加大了难度。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于PLC先进的模块化结构、系统组合灵活智能和组态软件自动仿真显示生产情况等特点的多种液体混合装置,排除了现实中的不安全因素,解决了传统液体混合比例不精准的问题,系统的运用远程控制技术,从真正意义上实现了生产的精准化、现代化、自动控制化、稳定化和可视化。系统采用的是 Modicon Nera TSX 08CD 12F8A型PLC和组态控制技术。Nera PLC采用先进的模块化结构,系统组合灵活方便,具有可靠性强、抗干扰能力强、通用性强、高速度、高性能等特点。%Besides the demand of the easy operation of traditional fluid mixing and the safety in production,Modern industrial production had new requirements:accurate control and easily detected.It has increased the difficulty of mixing the explosive and toxic industrial raw materials in the real production.To solve this problem,this paper designed a multi liquid mixing device based on PLC advanced modular structure, flexible and intelligent system combination and a configuration software that could automatically and simulately show the production situation.It excluded the unsafe factors in reality,solved the problem of inaccurate traditional liquid mixing,used remote control technology systematically and so that the precision,modern,automatic control,stabilization and visualization truly realized.This system used Nera TSX 08CD 12F8A PLC and configuration control technology.PLC Nera adopts the advanced modular structure,the flexible and convenient system combination,and with the features of high reliability,strong anti-interference ability,high universality,high speed,high performance and so on.
摘要:实践教学是高校培养合格人才的重要环节,实践教学水平成为了学校竞争力强弱的一个指标,成为高等教育工作的重要组成部分。环境科学专业的实践教学有其专业特殊性,是一门非常综合而复杂的学科,是典型的跨学科领域专业。如果该专业的学生只注重理论学习,实践能力不强,必将导致他们陷入竞争优势不足的窘境。探讨了环境科学专业校外实践基地建设的意义和内涵,分析了实践基地建设存在的问题,如实践基地建设及其相关工作未能受到足够重视,实践基地建设的数量和类型不足,实践基地可持续性差等,提出了环境科学专业实践基地建设的一些对策。%Practical teaching is an important step for the cultivation of qualified and innovative talents of university.It is an important component and an effective index to compare the competitiveness among universities.The practical teaching of environmental major is very particular because of its interdisciplinary, comprehensive and complicated major characteristics.The students will have no advantage on competition in society if they have no professional experience and skills.The connotative meaning of training base out of university was discussed.Some problems of the training base construction were analyzed.The construction of training base in universities is not attached importance.The number and types of training base are not enough to meet the practical requirement and the relationship is not sustainable between the university and the training base.Some countermeasures were put forward.
摘要:利用小波神经网络对突发传染病的预测进行研究。给出密度函数的小波估计的计算公式,提供了小波神经网络结构设计的理论框架。用小波函数作为隐层节点激活函数,神经网络连接权的大小由小波函数的系数确定,取数据库中的监控数据为训练样本,对小波神经网络进行训练学习,得到优化的神经网络。给出小波神经网络学习过程和具体步骤,用小波神经网络对突发传染病历史数据库中的已知数据,进行未知密度函数的小波估计,得到相应的小波估计函数和分布函数,在显著性水平下做拟合检验,构造激活函数,得到输出结果,进而进行预测,验证其有效性和可行性,最后总结问题的关键和今后研究的方向。%Using wavelet neural network to predict outbreaks of infectious diseases were studied.The calculation formula of the wavelet estimation of density function is given,which provides a theoretical framework for the structural design of the wavelet neural network.Using the wavelet function as the activation function of the hidden layer nodes,the connection weights of the neural network is determined by the coefficient of the wavelet function.The monitoring data in the database is a training sample,and the wavelet neural network is trained to learn and get optimized neural network. The learning process and the concrete steps of the wavelet neural network are presented.Using the wavelet neural network to the known data in the history database of the burst infectious disease,the wavelet estimation of the unknown density function is carried out,and the corresponding wavelet function and distribution function are obtained,Under the significance level,the fitting test is done,and the activation function is constructed,and the output results are obtained, and then the validity and feasibility of the research is verified.Finally,we summarize key issues and future directions of research.
摘要:MATLAB在数字语音处理方面功能强大,利用MATLAB软件解决数字语音课程教学中存在的难点,通过对时域、频域及二者相结合的过程进行分析,构建将理论结果可视化和基本概念直观化相结合的多媒体课程教学模式。MATLAB 在语音课程教学中的实现过程,首先是将数字语音读取,查看其波形图。其次是录入数字语音并保存。最后经过对数字语音的滤波、叠加、预处理等过程,实现对数字语音的分析和重构。逐步改变了教学方法和教学手段,从而达到培养学生的学习兴趣和操作能力的目的。%As a powerful tool in digital speech processing,MATLAB can be used to solve many problems appeared in digital speech course teaching.Through the analysis of time domain,frequency domain and the process of combining both,a multimedia course instruction model is constructed based on the combination of visualizations of both theoretical results and basic concepts.In the course of the digital speech course teaching,the digital speech is read and the waveform graph is checked in the first place. Secondly, the digital speech is input and saved. At last, the analysis and reconstruction of digital speech is realized after the process of the filtering,superposition and pretreatment of the digital speech.Through the improved teaching method and teaching means,the students’learning interest and operation ability are cultured.
摘要:自主创新意识是当今对大学生提出的新要求,同时也是对高校的课程改革和教师提出的新要求,在课堂教学中教师要充分调动学生的创新积极性,从而进一步提高学生的创新能力与创新意愿。该项研究以“传感器原理及应用”课程的特点为出发点,以加强学生创新能力和实践能力培养为目标,制定并实施了有针对性的改革方案。改革方案主要包括2方面内容:1)在教学过程中,建立了学习小组,并以此为单位进行学习和研究;2)在教学中增加了与传感器课程相关的自主设计环节,并把设计成果作为考核方式之一。通过这2方面的改革可以看出,学生自行组建的学习小组对提高学生的学习积极性起到了一定作用,而设计环节的设定,也在一定程度上激发了学生的创新潜力。%Self-innovation consciousness is required for college students today.It is also the new demand for the teachers and the curriculum reform.During the class tesching,he teacher should fully arouse the enthusiasm of the students’ innovation,Based on the character of the course of“principle and application of sensor”this paper the students’innovative ability and practice ability.There are two aspects in the class reform.The one is to set up study groups as the units in the process of teaching,and the other one is to increase the sensor of independent design in the teaching course.The results show that these two aspects can improve the students'learning motivation.And the design link inspired the students' innovative potential to a certain extent.
摘要:Effects of PEG pretreatment were studied on rice seedling growth and antioxidative activities of rice seedling stressed by Cd.The result indicated that Cd treatment reduced rice seedling's height compared to the control,but the PEG pretreatment increased the rice seedling’s height compared to the Cd treatment.With the prolong of Cd treatment time,MDA content of the rice seedling leaves increased significantly,but PEG pretreatment reduced MDA content.Cd treatment also reduced the activities of SOD, POD and CAT and APX of the rice seedling leaves. Under PEG pretreatment,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT and APX of the rice seedling leaves were significantly increased in comparison with that of Cd treatment.PEG pretreatment induced rice seedlings cross adaptation on the subsequent Cd stress and alleviated the Cd stress on rice seedlings.%通过对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性、MDA 含量及株高的研究,以及外源干旱预处理对这些参数的影响,来探讨干旱预处理对 Cd 胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明:Cd处理使水稻幼苗株高降低,但PEG预处理却能够使水稻幼苗株高显著增加(P<0.05)。随着Cd处理时间的延长,水稻幼苗叶片 MDA 含量明显增加(P<0.05),PEG 预处理则可以减少 MDA含量。同时Cd处理还降低了水稻幼苗叶片中 SOD、POD、CAT和 APX的活性;经过PEG预处理的水稻幼苗叶片的 SOD、POD、CAT、APX 活性均显著高于 Cd 处理组(P<0.05)。PEG预处理可诱导水稻幼苗对随后的Cd胁迫产生交叉适应,以减轻 Cd 胁迫对水稻幼苗造成的伤害。
摘要:In order to understand the skin structure and function of the toad (Bufo raddei),the conventional paraffin section technique and ELISA were adopted to observe the microstructural characteristics of its dorsal skin,ventral skin and skin glands;and determine the contents of SOD,CAT,MDA,TLR4 andβD-1 of the dorsal skin and ventral skin, respectively.The results show that the toad skin structures are similar to other amphibians.That is the ventral cuticle thicker than the dorsal,the dorsal epidermis and dermis thicker than the ventral,granular glands mainly in the dorsal skin,and mucous glands in the ventral skin.SOD and TLR4 examined in the ventral skin are higher than in the dorsal skin,CAT containing in the dorsal skin is higher than in the ventral skin,but MDA andβD-1 are similar in these two areas.In conclusion,the structures and related protein levels of the toad skin closely adapt to the living environment,and have the antioxidant capacities and natural immune functions.%为了深入了解花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei Strauch)皮肤显微结构及其相关功能,利用石蜡切片及酶联免疫吸附反应技术,观察了花背蟾蜍背腹侧皮肤及其皮肤腺的显微结构特点,分别测定了背、腹侧皮肤中 SOD、CAT、MDA、TLR4和βD-1含量。结果:花背蟾蜍皮肤结构与其他两栖类皮肤结构基本相同,其角质层腹侧较背侧厚,表皮和真皮背侧较腹侧厚;颗粒腺主要存在于背侧,而黏液腺主要存在于腹侧。SOD和TLR4含量腹侧皮肤高于背侧皮肤;CAT含量背侧皮肤较腹侧高;MDA和βD-1含量在背腹皮肤中相近。结论:花背蟾蜍皮肤结构和相关蛋白水平能够较好的适应其生境,并具有一定的抗氧化能力和天然免疫功能。
摘要:In nature,the diamond is the hardest materials,but it is easy to be oxidated in the high temperature,so it can’t be used to make cutting tools under the nature conditions.Cubic boron nitride has many excellent properties,but its internal stress is large,which largely affects its development in the industrial production.People expect to create a new ternary compound boron carbon and nitrogen material,and hope that the compound has the advantages of two substances original without their shortcomings. Boron carbon nitride films were deposited onto silicon substrates by medium frequency magnetron sputtering from graphite and boron targets with Ar and N2 as feedstock.By changing sputtering power of graphite target amorphous B-C-N thin films were synthesized on silicon substrate.The chemical bonding states,structure and morphology of B-C-N films were investigated by FTIR,AFM,and XRD analysis.%在自然界中,金刚石是最硬的一种材料,但把金刚石高温暴露在空气中时变得容易被氧化,所以在该条件下它不能用来做成切割工具。立方氮化硼有许多优异的特性,但它的内应力比较大,很大程度上影响了它在工业生产上的发展。人们期望能够合成出一种新的三元化合物硼碳氮材料,并且希望这种化合物既具有金刚石和 c-BN的优点而且还能克服2种物质原有的缺点。采用射频磁控溅射方法,以石墨靶材和甲烷气体作为碳源,通过调控石墨靶功率在硅基片上沉积非晶B-C-N薄膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),原子力显微镜(AFM),X 射线衍射(XRD),台阶仪等表征手段,分别对B-C-N薄膜的表面形貌粗糙度、成键、沉积速率进行分析。
摘要:Dynamic characteristics of the actuator will often introduce some non-linear characteristics,the common one is saturation.This paper discusses the robust stabilization problem of discrete time-delay uncertain system with actuator saturation.First of all,since the nonlinear characteristics of saturated actuator will have great influence on the stability of the system,the paper deals with saturated nonlinear item by using fan zone method.Secondly,using Lyapunov function method,combined with matrix inequality properties,the paper proposes an existence condition of memory-less state feedback controller,and under the stability conditions of the closed-loop system,the nonlinear matrix inequality was transformed into linear matrix inequality.The sufficient condition not only eliminates the influence of uncertainties on the stability of the system,but also reaches the time-delay independent stability criterion.Finally,a numerical example illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the results.%执行器的动态特征常常会引入某些非线性特性,其中常见的就是饱和。针对控制系统中广泛存在的饱和问题,讨论了具有饱和执行器的离散常时滞不确定系统的鲁棒镇定问题。首先,由于饱和执行器的非线性特性会对系统的稳定性有较大影响,所以利用扇形区域法对饱和非线性项进行处理。其次,利用李雅普诺夫函数方法,结合矩阵不等式性质,给出了无记忆状态反馈控制律存在的充分条件,并且在闭环系统渐近稳定的条件下,将所得的非线性矩阵不等式转化成线性矩阵不等式,该充分条件不仅消除了不确定项对系统稳定性的影响,而且得到了与时滞无关的稳定性判据。最后,给出一个数值仿真算例,验证了所得结果的有效性和可行性。
摘要:Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS)is a kind of organic pollutants that is most familiar and representative as to its environmental behavior and effect.The removal of LAS was studied in the subsurface wastewater infiltration system.The results showed that subsurface wastewater infiltration system had strong purifying function to LAS and its removal rate more than 90% when LAS concentration was between 0.56 and 40 mg/L.The removal rate of LAS increases with the increase of the concentration of LAS.The removal rate of COD,TP and IP decreased with the increase of concentration of LAS,meanwhile,the removal rate of NH+4 N had few change.The amount of bacteria,fungi and actinomyces decreased with the increase of concentration of LAS.LAS had no influence on the amount of nitrifying bacteria.The amount of denitrifying bacteria increased firstly and decreased finally.%直链烷基苯磺酸盐的广泛运用,使其成为环境中最常见的具有代表性的一类有机污染物,其环境行为与环境效应也受到普遍的关注。以生活污水中直链烷基苯磺酸盐为对象,研究了地下渗滤系统对其去除效果以及对其他污染物去除和基质微生物量的影响。结果表明:污水中直链烷基苯磺酸盐浓度在0.56~40 mg/L,地下渗滤系统对直链烷基苯磺酸盐的去除率达到90%以上;直链烷基苯磺酸盐去除率随着其浓度的增加而增加。随着直链烷基苯磺酸盐浓度的升高, COD、TN、TP和 IP的去除率下降,而 NH+4
摘要:Based on radiofrequency technology,a wireless temperature detecting system is presented.By the operating modes of software debugging and hardware detection for the control system,the optimal intelligent temperature detection system is designed based on the intelligent temperature sensor and the Cyclone II series chips experimental platform.The intelligent temperature detection system possesses many features like automatic regulation,multipoint collection,distant transmission,high precision,easily using,and so on.Currently,research of it has very important theoretical significance and practical value.Therefore,the intelligent temperature detection system is applied more and more extensively, especially,it is more suitable for indoor spaces,such as vegetable greenhouses,bedroom,office.%提出一种基于射频技术的无线温度检测系统,以智能温度传感器和 Cyclone Ⅱ系列芯片实验平台为基础,通过对控制系统的软件调试和硬件检测等多种操作方式,设计出最优的智能温度检测系统。这种智能温度检测系统具有可自动调节、多点采集、传输距离远、精准度高、使用便捷等特点。目前,对此系统的研究具有非常重要的理论意义和实践价值。因此,智能温度检测系统应用越来越广泛,特别适用于蔬菜大棚、居室、办公室等室内场所。
摘要:将邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DiNP)3种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂分别按每只大鼠每天1/100 LD50的剂量连续灌胃染毒20 d,染毒后再继续观察20 d。实验结束后测量各组大鼠器官与体重的比,结果发现DEP组大鼠的肝脏和3个实验组大鼠卵巢子宫的器体比与对照组有明显差异,其余脏器的器体比均未有明显差异。各实验组大鼠精子畸形率明显高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),各实验组大鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率虽然高于对照组,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。各实验组组织病理切片结果显示,3个染毒组大鼠肝、肾、脾均有不同程度的损伤,其余脏器均未发现异常。%The rats were exposed to DEP,DiBP and DiNP by oral perfusion at daily 1/100 LD50 dose respectively for continous 20 days,then continue to observe 20 days.After the experiment,the ratio of organs to body weight of rats in each group was measured,the results show that,significant differences were found in the ratio of liver to body in DEP group and in the ratio of Ovary uterus to body in the three experimental groups comparing with the blank group,there were no obvious differences found in the other organs.The sperm deformity rate in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the negative control group(P<0.05),although the bone marrow micronucleus rate in all experimental groups is higher than that of the blank group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The tissue pathological slices of the experimental groups showed that the liver,kidney and spleen were inj ured in different degrees in the three exposed groups,no abnormities were found in the other organs.
摘要:As people’s living standards improve,people are not satisfied with the food quality now.Meanwhile some consumers are used to eating rice food as the staple food and don’t used to the taste of bread made with wheat flour.Rice is used as the staple food by more than half the world’s population because of its high nutritional value protein and low allergy.The development of rice flour bread can not only meet people’s need on food nutrition and requirements to new product development,but also can fully utilize grain resources which has great significance for deep processing of rice. The effects of three acidic food additive,including sodium monosodium phosphate,glutei acid and lactic acid on the sensory and textural characteristics of rice bread were investigated respectively in this paper.Results suggested that acidic food additives yield bread producing a better quality.Especially,the bread quality was improved significantly with the addition of 0.3% glutei acid.Sodium monosodium phosphate expressed unnoticeable higher values of rice bread than those prepared with glutei acid,the optimum adding of sodium monosodium phosphate was 1 .2%.However,there is no obvious impact on bread quality when adding lactic acid and the optimum dosage was 0.8%.%随着人们的生活水平提高,人们不仅仅满足于现在的食品品质,而且部分的消费者吃惯了主食米饭类的粮食,不习惯现在现有的面包味道。稻米因其蛋白营养价值高,过敏性低而被世界半数以上人口作为主食,米粉面包产品的开发不仅能满足人们对食品的营养和新产品的开发要求,还能使粮食资源得到了充分的利用,对大米的深加工具有重要的意义。主要探讨了磷酸二氢钠、谷氨酸和乳酸3种酸味剂对大米面包的质构特性和感官特性的影响。结果发现,在大米粉中加入酸味剂后对大米面包的品质有改善作用。其中添加0.3%谷氨酸对大米面包品质的改善效果最明显,添加1.2%磷酸二氢钠有一定的改善效果,乳酸的改善效果最小,最适添加量为0.8%。
摘要:The learning society is regarded as a significant feature in the modern world.Dramatic technological advance and the subsequent knowledge explosion are major boosting factors for the formation of the lifelong learning theory.The rising knowledge economy has brought about many new industries,which generates a constant change in economic and technological structure.Computer network,as an interdisciplinary and application-oriented subj ect,keeps developing rapidly as one of the required college courses for computer majors.Its theories,techniques,and approaches stem from such disciplines as computer technology,communication technology,and operating system principles,and tend to have a profound impact on social and economic growth.As a college lecturer in computer,the author of the article is fully conscious of problems that have arisen during the process of computer instruction,and proposes for the educational reform from different angles,based upon a penetrating analysis of the existing problems,with the aim of setting a new college teaching pattern in computer network in the environment of learning society.%学习型社会是现代社会的一个重要特征,科学技术的飞速发展以及随之而来的知识爆炸是促进终身学习理念形成的重要因素之一。随着知识经济的逐渐兴起,新产业不断出现,社会经济和技术结构也在不断变化。计算机网络是一门不断高速发展的交叉性应用型课程,是本科高校计算机专业的必修课程之一,其理论、技术和方法来自计算机技术、通信技术、操作系统原理等多门学科,对社会经济发展有着巨大影响。作为一名本科高校的计算机专业教师,笔者深刻体会到目前计算机专业课程在教学过程中存在的诸多问题,先对存在的问题进行深刻透彻的分析,进而从多角度提出教学改革建议,旨在构建学习型社会下本科高校计算机网络课程的新型教学模式。
摘要:讨论了具有学习效应和退化效应的多窗口的可拒绝单机排序问题。工件的实际加工时间与开始加工时间和所排位置有关。工件集分为接受工件集和拒绝工件集,对于被拒绝加工的工件而言,它的费用只与工件有关,目标是确定接受工件集的最优加工顺序和拒绝费用,从而极小化2个费用函数。考虑2个问题,第1个问题的目标函数是与提前、延误、窗口的开始时间、窗口的大小以及拒绝费用有关的函数,第2个问题的目标函数是与提前、延误工件数、窗口的开始时间、窗口的大小以及拒绝费用有关的函数,并且针对这2个问题分别给出了多项式时间算法。%We discuss single machine scheduling with both learning and deterioration effects and rej ection,in which the jobs have multiple due windows.The actual processing time of accepted jobs is a function of its starting time and position in a sequence.We solve the problem by partitioning the jobs into a set of accepted and a set of rejected jobs.The objective is to determine the optimal sequence of accepted jobs and the cost of the rejected jobs,so as to minimize the total costs. We consider two versions of the problem.For the first version,the total cost includes earliness,tardiness,the starting time of due windows,the size of due windows and rej ection cost.For the second version,it includes earliness,the number of tardy jobs,the starting time of due windows,the size of due windows and rejection cost.We present polynomial algorithms for two versions,respectively.
摘要:Grain into and out of the warehouse is an important circulation stage,show up as grain deposit operation,as grain transition,rotation and transship,as grain stocks and checkouts,measure and warehousing and storage,grain discharge and delivery and so on.According to requirements of type of grain storehouse and grain deposit’s realities of situation,we take proper placement in grain storehouse’s technological process,grain into and out of the warehouse operating system,operating equipment;we choose grain conveying equipments,match different longitudinal and power conveying equipments,which can make utilization ratio of equipment and improve effectively.It also makes technical process reached the maximum continuous and superior insure that unit energy consumption minimize,meanwhile it provides some basic data to other majors.According to experiences of grain deposit design we narrate to grain into and out of the warehouse of storehouse’s technological process and equipment briefly,and we also put forward some instructions and suggestions which has practical value to the process design of grain storehouse.%粮库在进行日常运转,粮食的中转、轮换和倒运过程中及粮库来粮、检验、计量、进仓出仓、出库发粮等环节中,其中粮食的进仓出仓是不可缺少的重要流通阶段。根据粮食平房仓的仓型要求和粮库的实际情况,对粮食平房仓工艺流程、出仓进仓作业系统及作业过程中的设备进行合理的配置,对粮食输送所用的设备进行选配,并对不同长度的、不同功率的输送设备进行合理摆布和搭配,从而可有效提高设备的利用率,使工艺过程达到最大连续化、优越化,并能对其他专业提供一定的基础数据,确保单位能耗利用最小化。根据以往在规划粮库设计工作中的经验,现对粮食平房仓粮食进仓出仓工艺流程过程及所使用的设备进行简要叙述,并提出几点说明及建议,对粮库工艺设计具有参考价值。
摘要:With the rapid development of software industry in our country,software development enterprises have raised the threshold of entry universally.Although more and more software talents educate from colleges in China,and the number is keeping increasing,there is also a gap between supply and demand in which the professional field of higher education is not adapt to development of the industry.In order to deal with the problems in building talents structure,a new application type talent nurturing mode under practical teaching system based on excellent engineer education and training program for software specialty is proposed.In this mode,college adopts the practice teaching mode to cooperate with domestic famous software enterprises and joint training.The results show that the computer programming of students can be raised from “fundamental layer”to the “operative layer”.Furthermore,the students are middle and senior software programming talents who are market-oriented, multi-level, and application-oriented after leaving school.%软件产业迅速发展,对软件从业人员提出了更高的要求。尽管国内高校软件人才培养数量日益攀升,但由于专业领域高等教育与产业发展不适应,仍然存在供需两难问题。为了解决我国软件人才体系结构的不合理问题,基于“卓越工程师教育培养计划”提出基于平台化实践教学体系的软件工程应用型人才培养模式。辽宁工程技术大学软件学院采用实践教学模式,与国内著名软件企业进行专业共建,进行校企联合定制培养,构建基于校企合作的工程实训与就业一体化的管理平台。实践证明该方案使学生在软件开发领域由校内的“基础层”水平达到“工作层”水平,有效的培养出了以“市场为导向、多层次、面向应用的、高质量”的中高级软件人。
摘要:在实际生产,如钢铁和冶金工业生产过程中,工件在加工之前需要预热或安装必要的夹具和固定装置,在加工之后工件需要进行冷却处理等,也就是工件在进行加工时常常带有安装时间和送出时间。讨论带有学习效应、安装时间和送出时间的单机排序问题。在这一模型中,工件的实际加工时间是与工件的基本加工时间和工件的实际加工位置相关的一般函数。工件的安装时间和送出时间均依赖于已加工完的工件的实际加工时间,即 p-s-d 形式。目标函数分别为最大完工时间、总完工时间、加权总完工时间、总延误时间、最大延误时间和最大延迟时间,提出了上述问题的最优排序规则。%This paper studies the single machine scheduling problems with learning effect,setup time and delivery time. In this model,the actual processing time of a job is a general function of the normal processing time of the job and its scheduled position.The setup time and delivery time depend on a general function of the processing times of the jobs already processed and its scheduled position,i.e.,the setup time and delivery time are past-sequence-dependent(p-s-d). The obj ectives are to minimize the makespan,the total completion time,the total weighted completion time,the total tardiness,the maximum tardiness,and the maximum lateness.We provide the optimal schedules for some single-machine problems and results show that they are solvable in polynomial time respectively.
摘要:油体是储存种子萌发和生长的营养物质三酰甘油的场所,大豆油体是由单层磷脂分子及其镶嵌的蛋白组成半单位膜包裹液态三酰甘油而形成的球体(粒径是0.2~0.5μm)。大豆油体富含多不饱和脂肪酸和生物活性物质,具有物理化学稳定性,可作为天然的乳化剂提高食品原料的稳定性,比乳化剂更加经济、健康。大豆油体在食品领域中应用主要有以下几个方面:基于大豆油体乳液和奶油性状,乳制品和仿制乳饮料自然是潜在应用的主要领域,还可以以油包水乳液的形式出现在其他液体、半液体或固体食物中,如沙司,蛋黄酱和色拉调味品,大豆油体还可以应用到可食性膜和食品包装当中。对大豆油体的组成、结构、提取过程、物理化学性质及在食品中的潜在应用进行概述。%Oil body is used to store TAGs for germination and postgerminative growth.Soybean oil body is subcellular spherical (0.2~0.5μm in diameter),which consists of a core of triacylglycerol (TAG)surrounded by proteins embedded in a phospholipid monolayer.Soybean oil body contains of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble biologically active substance,with physical and chemical stability.Therefore it can be used as natural emulsifiers to enhance the stability of food materials.Additionally,compared with emulsifiers,it is much more economical and healthy.In general,soybean oil body has been applied in the following fields. Firstly, dairy products and imitation milk drinks naturally can be acknowledged as potential applications,based on oil bodies emulsions and creams.Besides,soybean oil body plays a significant role in other oil-in-water emulsions,such as mayonnaise,salad dressings and creams.Furthermore,soybean can be an essential part in the production of edible film and food packaging.This paper briefly states composition, structure of soybean oil body.Meanwhile extraction process,physical and chemical properties and potential applications are illustrated as well.