Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in regulating the structure and function of cell membrane, immunity,lipid metabolism in mammalian.For researching the polyunsaturated fatty acids systhesis regulated by gene expression in hibernators,by means of the next transcriptome sequencing technology,we sequenced the transcriptom in the white adipose tissue of the Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus),and then got differentially expressed genes involved in hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase,enoyl-CoA dehydrogenase,delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase at four physiological stage:Initial-Fattening,Rapid-Fattening,Finished-Fattening and Hibernation.The results show that hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase up-regulate in hibernation and is different from Initial-Fattening significantly;The expression of enoyl-CoA dehydrogenase in Hibernation is also higher than Initial-Fattening and Rapid-Fattening significantly;delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase present a higher level in Initial-Fattening.These indicate that polyunsaturated fatty acids systhesis is regulated by gene expression in the Daurian ground squirrel.The cell membrane fluidity and immune ability may be adj usted in different physiological period by this way.%多不饱和脂肪酸对哺乳动物细胞膜的结构和功能、免疫能力、脂肪代谢等具有重要的调控作用。为研究其在冬眠动物体内合成受基因表达调控的情况，使用第2代转录组测序技术，对达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricuricus)的白色脂肪组织进行转录组测序，得到羟酰基辅酶A还原酶、烯酰辅酶 A脱氢酶、Δ5去饱和酶和Δ6去饱和酶的碱基序列，并测得它们在起始育肥期、快速育肥期、育肥完成期和冬眠期4个阶段的差异表达情况。结果显示：羟酰基辅酶 A还原酶在冬眠期表达上调，与起始育肥期差异显著；烯酰辅酶 A脱氢酶在冬眠期的表达量也显著高于起始育肥期和快速育肥期；Δ5去饱和酶和Δ6去饱和酶在起始育肥期高表达。表明达乌尔黄鼠体内多不饱和脂肪酸的合成存在着基因表达的调控，可能以此来实现在不同生理时期对细胞膜流动性和免疫能力的调节。
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