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Accelerated freshening of Antarctic Bottom Water over the last decade in the Southern Indian Ocean

机译:在过去十年中南印度洋南极海底水加快了新鲜度

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摘要

Southern Ocean abyssal waters, in contact with the atmosphere at their formation sites around Antarctica, not only bring signals of a changing climate with them as they move around the globe but also contribute to that change through heat uptake and sea level rise. A repeat hydrographic line in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, occupied three times in the last two decades (1994, 2007, and, most recently, 2016), reveals that Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) continues to become fresher (0.004 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1), warmer (0.06° ± 0.01°C decade−1), and less dense (0.011 ± 0.002 kg/m3 decade−1). The most recent observations in the Australian-Antarctic Basin show a particularly striking acceleration in AABW freshening between 2007 and 2016 (0.008 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1) compared to the 0.002 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1 seen between 1994 and 2007. Freshening is, in part, responsible for an overall shift of the mean temperature-salinity curve toward lower densities. The marked freshening may be linked to an abrupt iceberg-glacier collision and calving event that occurred in 2010 on the George V/Adélie Land Coast, the main source region of bottom waters for the Australian-Antarctic Basin. Because AABW is a key component of the global overturning circulation, the persistent decrease in bottom water density and the associated increase in steric height that result from continued warming and freshening have important consequences beyond the Southern Indian Ocean.
机译:南极深海水域与南极周围形成地点的大气层接触,不仅在全球范围内传递着气候变化的信号,而且还通过吸收热量和海平面上升来促进这种变化。在过去的二十年中(1994年,2007年以及最近的2016年),印度洋南部的一条重复的水文线占据了三倍,显示南极底水(AABW)继续变得更新鲜(0.004±0.001) kg / g十进制 -1 ),较暖(0.06°±0.01°C十进制 -1 )和密度较小(0.011±0.002 kg / m 3 < / sup>十年 -1 )。澳大利亚-南极盆地的最新观测结果显示,2007年至2016年间,AABW的新鲜度显着加快(0.008±0.001 kg / g十年 -1 ),而0.002±0.001 kg / g十年在1994年至2007年之间出现了 -1 现象。部分原因是新鲜程度导致了平均温度-盐度曲线向较低密度的总体偏移。明显的新鲜感可能与2010年在乔治五世/阿德利陆地海岸(澳大利亚-南极盆地底水的主要来源地区)发生的冰山-冰川突然碰撞和产犊事件有关。由于AABW是全球倾覆环流的关键组成部分,因持续变暖和新鲜导致的底部水密度持续下降以​​及相关的空间高度增加,对南印度洋以外地区产生了重要影响。

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