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DNA from lake sediments reveals long-term ecosystem changes after a biological invasion

机译:湖泊沉积物中的DNA揭示了生物入侵后的长期生态系统变化

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摘要

What are the long-term consequences of invasive species? After invasion, how long do ecosystems require to reach a new equilibrium? Answering these questions requires long-term, high-resolution data that are vanishingly rare. We combined the analysis of environmental DNA extracted from a lake sediment core, coprophilous fungi, and sedimentological analyses to reconstruct 600 years of ecosystem dynamics on a sub-Antarctic island and to identify the impact of invasive rabbits. Plant communities remained stable from AD 1400 until the 1940s, when the DNA of invasive rabbits was detected in sediments. Rabbit detection corresponded to abrupt changes of plant communities, with a continuous decline of a dominant plant species. Furthermore, erosion rate abruptly increased with rabbit abundance. Rabbit impacts were very fast and were stronger than the effects of climate change during the 20th century. Lake sediments can allow an integrated temporal analysis of ecosystems, revealing the impact of invasive species over time and improving our understanding of underlying mechanisms.
机译:入侵物种的长期后果是什么?入侵之后,生态系统需要多长时间才能达到新的平衡?回答这些问题需要很少使用的长期高分辨率数据。我们结合了从湖泊沉积物核心,共生真菌和沉积物分析中提取的环境DNA的分析,以重建南极子岛上600年的生态系统动态并确定入侵兔的影响。从公元1400年到1940年代,当在沉积物中检测到入侵兔的DNA时,植物群落一直保持稳定。兔的检测与植物群落的突然变化相对应,占主导地位的植物物种不断减少。此外,随着兔子数量的增加,侵蚀率突然增加。兔子的影响非常迅速,并且比20世纪的气候变化影响更大。湖泊沉积物可以对生态系统进行综合的时间分析,揭示随着时间的推移入侵物种的影响并增进我们对潜在机制的理解。

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