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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Sensors (Basel Switzerland) >Error Budget for Geolocation of Spectroradiometer Point Observations from an Unmanned Aircraft System
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Error Budget for Geolocation of Spectroradiometer Point Observations from an Unmanned Aircraft System

机译：来自无人飞机系统的光谱辐射点观测的地理位置误差预算

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摘要

We investigate footprint geolocation uncertainties of a spectroradiometer mounted on an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Two microelectromechanical systems-based inertial measurement units (IMUs) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers were used to determine the footprint location and extent of the spectroradiometer. Errors originating from the on-board GNSS/IMU sensors were propagated through an aerial data georeferencing model, taking into account a range of values for the spectroradiometer field of view (FOV), integration time, UAS flight speed, above ground level (AGL) flying height, and IMU grade. The spectroradiometer under nominal operating conditions (8∘ FOV, 10 m AGL height, 0.6 s integration time, and 3 m/s flying speed) resulted in footprint extent of 140 cm across-track and 320 cm along-track, and a geolocation uncertainty of 11 cm. Flying height and orientation measurement accuracy had the largest influence on the geolocation uncertainty, whereas the FOV, integration time, and flying speed had the biggest impact on the size of the footprint. Furthermore, with an increase in flying height, the rate of increase in geolocation uncertainty was found highest for a low-grade IMU. To increase the footprint geolocation accuracy, we recommend reducing flying height while increasing the FOV which compensates the footprint area loss and increases the signal strength. The disadvantage of a lower flying height and a larger FOV is a higher sensitivity of the footprint size to changing distance from the target. To assist in matching the footprint size to uncertainty ratio with an appropriate spatial scale, we list the expected ratio for a range of IMU grades, FOVs and AGL heights.
机译：我们调查了安装在无人机系统（UAS）上的光谱辐射计的足迹地理位置不确定性。使用两个基于微机电系统的惯性测量单元（IMU）和全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收器来确定足迹位置和光谱仪的范围。源自机载GNSS / IMU传感器的误差通过航空数据地理配准模型传播，其中考虑了分光辐射计视野（FOV），积分时间，UAS飞行速度，地平面（AGL）的一系列值飞行高度和IMU等级。分光光度计在正常工作条件下（8 <数学xmlns：mml =“ http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” id =“ mm1” overflow =“ scroll”> <行> <行> ∘ FOV，10 m AGL高度，0.6 s积分时间和3 m / s飞行速度）导致了跨轨140厘米和沿轨320厘米，地理位置不确定度为11厘米。飞行高度和方向测量精度对地理位置不确定性的影响最大，而FOV，积分时间和飞行速度对覆盖区大小的影响最大。此外，随着飞行高度的增加，发现低品位IMU的地理位置不确定性增加率最高。为了提高覆盖区的地理定位精度，我们建议减小飞行高度，同时增加FOV，以补偿覆盖区的面积损失并提高信号强度。较低的飞行高度和较大的FOV的缺点是足迹尺寸对距目标的距离变化的敏感性更高。为了帮助使足迹尺寸与不确定性比率与适当的空间比例相匹配，我们列出了一系列IMU等级，FOV和AGL高度的预期比率。

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