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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Coordinated Sampling of Microorganisms Over Freshwater and Saltwater Environments Using an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) and a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
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Coordinated Sampling of Microorganisms Over Freshwater and Saltwater Environments Using an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) and a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)

机译：使用无人水面飞行器（USV）和小型无人飞机系统（sUAS）对​​淡水和咸水环境中的微生物进行协调采样

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Biological aerosols (bioaerosols) are ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic environments and may influence cloud formation and precipitation processes. Little is known about the aerosolization and transport of bioaerosols from aquatic environments. We designed and deployed a bioaerosol-sampling system onboard an unmanned surface vehicle (USV; a remotely operated boat) to collect microbes and monitor particle sizes in the atmosphere above a salt pond in Falmouth, MA, United States and a freshwater lake in Dublin, VA, United States. The bioaerosol-sampling system included a series of 3D-printed impingers, two different optical particle counters, and a weather station. A small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS; a remotely operated airplane) was used in a coordinated effort with the USV to collect microorganisms on agar media 50 m above the surface of the water. Samples from the USV and sUAS were cultured on selective media to estimate concentrations of culturable microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). Concentrations of microbes from the sUAS ranged from 6 to 9 CFU/m3 over saltwater, and 12 to 16 CFU/m3 over freshwater (over 10-min sampling intervals) at 50 m above ground level (AGL). Concentrations from the USV ranged from 0 (LOD) to 42,411 CFU/m3 over saltwater, and 0 (LOD) to 56,809 CFU/m3 over freshwater (over 30-min sampling intervals) in air near the water surface. Particle concentrations recorded onboard the USV ranged from 0 (LOD) to 288 μg/m3 for PM1, 1 to 290 μg/m3 for PM2.5, and 1 to 290 μg/m3 for PM10. A general trend of increasing concentration with an increase in particle size was recorded by each sensor. Through laboratory testing, the collection efficiency of the 3D-printed impingers was determined to be 75% for 1 μm beads and 99% for 3 μm beads. Additional laboratory tests were conducted to determine the accuracy of the miniaturized optical particle counters used onboard the USV. Future work aims to understand the distribution of bioaerosols above aquatic environments and their potential association with cloud formation and precipitation processes.
机译：生物气溶胶（生物气溶胶）在陆地和水生环境中普遍存在，并可能影响云的形成和降水过程。人们对水生环境中生物气溶胶的雾化和运输知之甚少。我们在无人水面载具（USV；遥控船）上设计并部署了生物气溶胶采样系统，以收集微生物并监测美国马萨诸塞州法尔茅斯的一个盐塘和都柏林的一个淡水湖上方的大气中的颗粒大小，弗吉尼亚州，美国。生物气溶胶采样系统包括一系列3D打印的撞击器，两个不同的光学粒子计数器和一个气象站。在USV的共同努力下，使用了小型无人机系统（sUAS；遥控飞机）在水面以上50 m的琼脂培养基上收集微生物。将USV和sUAS的样品在选择性培养基上进行培养，以估算可培养微生物（细菌和真菌）的浓度。 sUAS中的微生物在盐水中的浓度范围为6到9 CFU / m 3 ，在淡水中的浓度为12到16 CFU / m 3 （超过10分钟的采样间隔）在离地面（AGL）50 m处。在盐水中，USV的浓度范围从0（LOD）到42,411 CFU / m 3 ，在淡水中，浓度从0（LOD）到56,809 CFU / m 3 （超过30-最小采样间隔）。 USV上记录的颗粒物浓度对于PM1为0（LOD）至288μg/ m 3 ，对于PM2.5为1至290μg/ m 3 。 PM10为290μg/ m 3 。每个传感器都记录了浓度随粒径增加而增加的总体趋势。通过实验室测试，将3D打印的撞击器的收集效率确定为1μm珠为75％，3μm珠为99％。进行了其他实验室测试，以确定USV机上使用的小型光学粒子计数器的准确性。未来的工作旨在了解水生环境上方生物气溶胶的分布及其与云形成和降水过程的潜在关联。

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