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Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose

机译：五-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖触发自杀性红细胞死亡

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The polyphenolic 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose from several medicinal herbs triggers apoptosis and has, thus, been proposed for treatment of malignancy. The substance is at least partially effective through caspase activation. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis is triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i). The sensitivity to [Ca2+]i is enhanced by ceramide. The present study explored whether penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose stimulates eryptosis. Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin-release, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence and ceramide abundance from fluorescent antibodies. A 48-h exposure of human erythrocytes to penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose significantly decreased forward scatter (50 µM) and significantly increased annexin V binding (10 µM). Up to 50 µM penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose did not significantly modify [Ca2+]i. However, the effect of penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (25 µM) induced annexin V binding was slightly, but significantly, blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, pointing to sensitization of erythrocytes to the scrambling effect of Ca2+. Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (25 µM) further increased ceramide formation. In conclusion, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect partially due to stimulation of ceramide formation with subsequent sensitization of erythrocytes to Ca2+.
机译：来自几种草药的多酚1,2,3,4,6-戊基-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖触发细胞凋亡，因此被提议用于治疗恶性肿瘤。该物质通过胱天蛋白酶激活至少部分有效。类似于有核细胞的凋亡，红细胞可能会进入自杀死亡或隐匿状态，其特征是细胞萎缩和磷脂酰丝氨酸易位至红细胞表面。胞质内Ca 2 + -活性（[Ca 2 + ] i）的增加触发了密码反应。神经酰胺可增强对[Ca 2 + ] i的敏感性。本研究探讨了五-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖是否刺激了加密作用。通过前向散射，膜联蛋白V结合的磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露，血红蛋白释放的溶血，Fluo3-荧光的[Ca 2 + ] i和荧光抗体的神经酰胺丰度来估计细胞体积。人类红细胞暴露于五-O-半乳糖酰-β-d-葡萄糖48小时会显着降低前向散射（50 µM），并显着增加膜联蛋白V结合（10 µM）。高达50 µM的五-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖不能显着修饰[Ca 2 + ] i。然而，五-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖（25 µM）诱导的膜联蛋白V结合作用轻微但显着，但由于去除细胞外Ca 2 + 而减弱了，这表明红细胞对Ca 2 + 的加扰作用。五-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖（25 µM）进一步增加了神经酰胺的形成。总之，五-O-galloyl-β-d-葡萄糖可刺激自杀性红细胞死亡或隐匿，这部分是由于刺激神经酰胺形成并随后使红细胞对Ca 2 + 致敏。

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