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Learning lessons from field surveys in humanitarian contexts: a case study of field surveys conducted in North Kivu DRC 2006-2008

机译：在人道主义背景下从实地调查中汲取教训：2006年至2008年在刚果民主共和国北基伍进行的实地调查案例研究

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Survey estimates of mortality and malnutrition are commonly used to guide humanitarian decision-making. Currently, different methods of conducting field surveys are the subject of debate among epidemiologists. Beyond the technical arguments, decision makers may find it difficult to conceptualize what the estimates actually mean. For instance, what makes this particular situation an emergency? And how should the operational response be adapted accordingly. This brings into question not only the quality of the survey methodology, but also the difficulties epidemiologists face in interpreting results and selecting the most important information to guide operations. As a case study, we reviewed mortality and nutritional surveys conducted in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) published from January 2006 to January 2009. We performed a PubMed/Medline search for published articles and scanned publicly available humanitarian databases and clearinghouses for grey literature. To evaluate the surveys, we developed minimum reporting criteria based on available guidelines and selected peer-review articles. We identified 38 reports through our search strategy; three surveys met our inclusion criteria. The surveys varied in methodological quality. Reporting against minimum criteria was generally good, but presentation of ethical procedures, raw data and survey limitations were missed in all surveys. All surveys also failed to consider contextual factors important for data interpretation. From this review, we conclude that mechanisms to ensure sound survey design and conduct must be implemented by operational organisations to improve data quality and reporting. Training in data interpretation would also be useful. Novel survey methods should be trialled and prospective data gathering (surveillance) employed wherever feasible.
机译：死亡率和营养不良的调查估计数通常用于指导人道主义决策。当前，流行病学家争论的是进行现场调查的不同方法。除技术论点外，决策者可能会发现很难概念化估计的实际含义。例如，是什么使得这种特殊情况紧急发生？以及如何相应地调整操作响应。这不仅使调查方法的质量受到质疑，而且使流行病学家在解释结果和选择最重要的信息以指导操作方面面临困难。作为案例研究，我们回顾了2006年1月至2009年1月在刚果民主共和国北基伍（DRC）进行的死亡率和营养调查。我们对PubMed / Medline进行了搜索，以查找已发表的文章，并扫描了可公开获得的人道主义数据库和资料交换所灰色文学。为了评估调查，我们根据可用指南和选定的同行评审文章制定了最低报告标准。通过搜索策略，我们确定了38份报告；三个调查符合我们的纳入标准。调查的方法学质量各不相同。根据最低标准进行报告通常很好，但是在所有调查中都缺少道德程序，原始数据和调查限制的表述。所有调查也都没有考虑对数据解释很重要的背景因素。通过这次审查，我们得出结论，运营组织必须实施确保合理的调查设计和行为的机制，以提高数据质量和报告质量。数据解释方面的培训也将是有用的。应尝试使用新的调查方法，并在可行的情况下采用前瞻性数据收集（监视）。

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