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Role of Retinoic Acid and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Neural Differentiation from Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Embryonic Stem Cells

机译:维甲酸和成纤维细胞生长因子2在食蟹猴胚胎干细胞神经分化中的作用

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摘要

Retinoic acid is a widely used factor in both mouse and human embryonic stem cells. It suppresses differentiation to mesoderm and enhances differentiation to ectoderm. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is widely used to induce differentiation to neurons in mice, yet in primates, including humans, it maintains embryonic stem cells in the undifferentiated state. In this study, we established an FGF2 low-dose-dependent embryonic stem cell line from cynomolgus monkeys and then analyzed neural differentiation in cultures supplemented with retinoic acid and FGF2. When only retinoic acid was added to culture, neurons differentiated from FGF2 low-dose-dependent embryonic stem cells. When both retinoic acid and FGF2 were added, neurons and astrocytes differentiated from the same embryonic stem cell line. Thus, retinoic acid promotes the differentiation from embryonic stem cells to neuroectoderm. Although FGF2 seems to promote self-renewal in stem cells, its effects on the differentiation of stem cells are influenced by the presence or absence of supplemental retinoic acid.
机译:维甲酸是在小鼠和人类胚胎干细胞中广泛使用的因子。它抑制向中胚层的分化,并增强向外胚层的分化。成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF2)被广泛用于诱导小鼠向神经元的分化,但在包括人在内的灵长类动物中,它可使胚胎干细胞保持未分化状态。在这项研究中,我们从食蟹猴建立了FGF2低剂量依赖性胚胎干细胞系,然后分析了补充视黄酸和FGF2的培养物中的神经分化。当仅将视黄酸添加到培养物中时,神经元就从FGF2低剂量依赖性胚胎干细胞中分化出来。当同时添加视黄酸和FGF2时,神经元和星形胶质细胞从同一胚胎干细胞系中分化出来。因此,视黄酸促进了从胚胎干细胞向神经外胚层的分化。尽管FGF2似乎可以促进干细胞的自我更新,但其对干细胞分化的影响受补充视黄酸存在与否的影响。

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