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NLRX1 Enhances Glutamate Uptake and Inhibits Glutamate Release by Astrocytes

机译:NLRX1增强星形胶质细胞摄取谷氨酸盐并抑制谷氨酸盐释放

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摘要

Uptake of glutamate from the extracellular space and glutamate release to neurons are two major processes conducted by astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) that protect against glutamate excitotoxicity and strengthen neuronal firing, respectively. During inflammatory conditions in the CNS, astrocytes may lose one or both of these functions, resulting in accumulation of the extracellular glutamate, which eventually leads to excitotoxic neuronal death, which in turn worsens the CNS inflammation. NLRX1 is an innate immune NOD-like receptor that inhibits the major inflammatory pathways. It is localized in the mitochondria and was shown to inhibit cell death, enhance ATP production, and dampen oxidative stress. In the current work, using primary murine astrocyte cultures from WT and Nlrx1-/- mice, we demonstrate that NLRX1 potentiates astrocytic glutamate uptake by enhancing mitochondrial functions and the functional activity of glutamate transporters. Also, we report that NLRX1 inhibits glutamate release from astrocytes by repressing Ca2+-mediated glutamate exocytosis. Our study, for the first time, identified NLRX1 as a potential regulator of glutamate homeostasis in the CNS.
机译:谷氨酸从细胞外空间的吸收和谷氨酸向神经元的释放是中枢神经系统(CNS)中星形胶质细胞进行的两个主要过程,分别防止谷氨酸兴奋性中毒和增强神经元放电。在中枢神经系统发炎的过程中,星形胶质细胞可能会失去这些功能中的一种或两种,导致细胞外谷氨酸的积累,最终导致兴奋性神经元死亡,进而加剧中枢神经系统的炎症。 NLRX1是先天性免疫NOD样受体,可抑制主要的炎症途径。它位于线粒体中,并显示出抑制细胞死亡,增强ATP产生和抑制氧化应激的作用。在当前的工作中,使用来自WT和Nlrx1 -/-小鼠的原代鼠星形胶质细胞培养物,我们证明NLRX1通过增强线粒体功能和谷氨酸转运蛋白的功能活性来增强星形胶质谷氨酸的摄取。此外,我们报道NLRX1通过抑制Ca 2 + 介导的谷氨酸胞吐作用来抑制星形胶质细胞释放谷氨酸。我们的研究首次确定NLRX1是中枢神经系统中谷氨酸稳态的潜在调节剂。

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