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Modeling honey yield defensive and swarming behaviors of Italian honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica) using linear-threshold approaches

机译:使用线性阈值方法模拟意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)的蜂蜜产量防御行为和蜂群行为

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摘要

BackgroundGenetic improvement of honey bees is more difficult compared to other livestock, due to the very different reproductive behavior. Estimation of breeding values requires specific adjustment and the use of sires in the pedigree is only possible when mating of queens and drones is strictly controlled. In the breeding program of the National Registry for Italian Queen Breeders and Bee Producers the paternal contribution is mostly unknown. As stronger modeling may compensate for the lack of pedigree information, we tested two models that differed in the way the direct and maternal effects were considered. The two models were tested using 4003 records for honey yield, defensive and swarming behaviors of Italian honey bee queens produced between 2002 and 2014. The first model accounted for the direct genetic effect of worker bees and the genetic maternal effect of the queen, whereas model 2 considered the direct genetic effect of the queen without maternal effect. The analyses were performed by linear (honey production) and threshold (defensive and swarming behavior) single-trait models; estimated genetic correlations among traits were obtained by a three-trait linear-threshold model.
机译:背景技术由于繁殖行为的差异,与其他牲畜相比,蜜蜂的遗传改良更加困难。育种值的估算需要进行特定的调整,并且只有在严格控制女王和无人机的交配的情况下,才可以在系谱中使用父系。在意大利皇后种犬和蜜蜂生产者国家注册局的育种计划中,父系贡献几乎是未知的。由于更强的建模可以弥补家谱信息的不足,因此我们测试了两种模型,这些模型在考虑直接效应和母体效应方面有所不同。使用4003个记录对这两个模型进行了测试,以记录2002年至2014年间生产的意大利蜂皇后的蜂蜜产量,防御和蜂群行为。第一个模型说明了工蜂的直接遗传效应和蜂皇的遗传母体效应,而模型2认为女王的直接遗传效应无母体效应。通过线性(蜂蜜生产)和阈值(防御和蜂群行为)单性状模型进行分析。通过三性状线性阈值模型获得了性状之间的估计遗传相关性。

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