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The Role of Magnesium for Geometry and Charge in GTP Hydrolysis Revealed by Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Simulations

机译:量子力学/分子力学模拟揭示了镁在GTP水解中的几何结构和电荷的作用

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摘要

The coordination of the magnesium ion in proteins by triphosphates plays an important role in catalytic hydrolysis of GTP or ATP, either in signal transduction or energy conversion. For example, in Ras the magnesium ion contributes to the catalysis of GTP hydrolysis. The cleavage of GTP to GDP and Pi in Ras switches off cellular signaling. We analyzed GTP hydrolysis in water, Ras, and Ras·Ras-GTPase-activating protein using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations. By comparison of the theoretical IR-difference spectra for magnesium ion coordinated triphosphate to experimental ones, the simulations are validated. We elucidated thereby how the magnesium ion contributes to catalysis. It provides a temporary storage for the electrons taken from the triphosphate and it returns them after bond cleavage and Pi release back to the diphosphate. Furthermore, the Ras·Mg2+ complex forces the triphosphate into a stretched conformation in which the β- and γ-phosphates are coordinated in a bidentate manner. In this conformation, the triphosphate elongates the bond, which has to be cleaved during hydrolysis. Furthermore, the γ-phosphate adopts a more planar structure, driving the conformation of the molecule closer to the hydrolysis transition state. GTPase-activating protein enhances these changes in GTP conformation and charge distribution via the intruding arginine finger.
机译:三磷酸酯对蛋白质中镁离子的配位在信号转导或能量转换中对GTP或ATP的催化水解起重要作用。例如,在Ras中,镁离子有助于GTP水解的催化。 GTP在Ras中裂解为GDP和Pi会关闭细胞信号传导。我们使用量子力学/分子力学模拟分析了水,Ras和Ras·Ras-GTPase活化蛋白中的GTP水解。通过将镁离子配位的三磷酸镁的理论红外光谱与实验光谱进行比较,仿真得到了验证。因此,我们阐明了镁离子如何促进催化作用。它为从三磷酸酯中获取的电子提供了一个临时存储,在键断裂和Pi释放回二磷酸酯后返回电子。此外,Ras·Mg 2 + 配合物迫使三磷酸酯呈拉伸构象,其中β-和γ-磷酸以二齿形式配位。在该构象中,三磷酸酯延长了键,该键必须在水解过程中裂解。此外,γ-磷酸盐采用更平面的结构,使分子的构象更接近水解转变状态。 GTPase激活蛋白通过侵入的精氨酸指增强了GTP构象和电荷分布的这些变化。

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