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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Biology of Sex Differences >Sex differences in stress-related receptors: ″micro″ differences with ″macro″ implications for mood and anxiety disorders
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Sex differences in stress-related receptors: ″micro″ differences with ″macro″ implications for mood and anxiety disorders

机译：压力相关受体的性别差异：微差异与宏观对情绪和焦虑症的影响

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Stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as unipolar depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), occur more frequently in women than in men. Emerging research suggests that sex differences in receptors for the stress hormones, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoids, contribute to this disparity. For example, sex differences in CRF receptor binding in the amygdala of rats may predispose females to greater anxiety following stressful events. Additionally, sex differences in CRF receptor signaling and trafficking in the locus coeruleus arousal center combine to make females more sensitive to low levels of CRF, and less adaptable to high levels. These receptor differences in females could lead to hyperarousal, a dysregulated state associated with symptoms of depression and PTSD. Similar to the sex differences observed in CRF receptors, sex differences in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function also appear to make females more susceptible to dysregulation after a stressful event. Following hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activation, GRs are critical to the negative feedback process that inhibits additional glucocorticoid release. Compared to males, female rats have fewer GRs and impaired GR translocation following chronic adolescent stress, effects linked to slower glucocorticoid negative feedback. Thus, under conditions of chronic stress, attenuated negative feedback in females would result in hypercortisolemia, an endocrine state thought to cause depression. Together, these studies suggest that sex differences in stress-related receptors shift females more easily into a dysregulated state of stress reactivity, linked to the development of mood and anxiety disorders. The implications of these receptor sex differences for the development of novel pharmacotherapies are also discussed.
机译：与男性相比，与压力有关的精神疾病，例如单相抑郁和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），更常见。新兴研究表明，应激激素，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）和糖皮质激素的受体的性别差异是造成这种差异的原因。例如，大鼠杏仁核中CRF受体结合的性别差异可能会使雌性在发生压力事件后更易焦虑。此外，CRF受体信号转导和在蓝斑唤醒中心的运输中的性别差异共同使雌性对低水平的CRF更敏感，而对高水平的CRF适应性更差。女性的这些受体差异可能导致过度兴奋，这是与抑郁和PTSD症状相关的失调状态。与CRF受体中观察到的性别差异相似，糖皮质激素受体（GR）功能中的性别差异也似乎使女性在压力事件后更容易失调。下丘脑垂体肾上腺轴激活后，GRs对于抑制额外糖皮质激素释放的负反馈过程至关重要。与雄性相比，雌性大鼠在慢性青春期应激后具有更少的GRs和受损的GR易位，其作用与较慢的糖皮质激素负反馈有关。因此，在慢性压力下，女性的负反馈减弱会导致皮质醇过多症，一种认为会导致抑郁的内分泌状态。总之，这些研究表明，压力相关受体的性别差异使女性更容易进入压力反应性失调状态，这与情绪和焦虑症的发展有关。还讨论了这些受体性别差异对新型药物治疗方法的影响。

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