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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >Multitasking in the Olfactory System: Context-Dependent Responses to Odors Reveal Dual GABA-Regulated Coding Mechanisms in Single Olfactory Projection Neurons
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Multitasking in the Olfactory System: Context-Dependent Responses to Odors Reveal Dual GABA-Regulated Coding Mechanisms in Single Olfactory Projection Neurons

机译：嗅觉系统中的多任务处理：对气味的上下文相关响应揭示了单个嗅觉投射神经元中双重GABA调控的编码机制。

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Studies of olfaction have focused mainly on neural processing of information about the chemistry of odors, but olfactory stimuli have other properties that also affect central responses and thus influence behavior. In moths, continuous and intermittent stimulation with the same odor evokes two distinct flight behaviors, but the neural basis of this differential response is unknown. Here we show that certain projection neurons (PNs) in the primary olfactory center in the brain give context-dependent responses to a specific odor blend, and these responses are shaped in several ways by a bicuculline-sensitive GABA receptor. Pharmacological dissection of PN responses reveals that bicuculline blocks GABAA-type receptors/chloride channels in PNs, and that these receptors play a critical role in shaping the responses of these glomerular output neurons. The firing patterns of PNs are not odor-specific but are strongly modulated by the temporal pattern of the odor stimulus. Brief repetitive odor pulses evoke fast inhibitory potentials, followed by discrete bursts of action potentials that are phase-locked to the pulses. In contrast, the response to a single prolonged stimulus with the same odor is a series of slow oscillations underlying irregular firing. Bicuculline disrupts the timing of both types of responses, suggesting that GABAA-like receptors underlie both coding mechanisms. These results suggest that glomerular output neurons could use more than one coding scheme to represent a single olfactory stimulus. Moreover, these context-dependent odor responses encode information about both the chemical composition and the temporal pattern of the odor signal. Together with behavioral evidence, these findings suggest that context-dependent odor responses evoke different perceptions in the brain that provide the animal with important information about the spatiotemporal variations that occur in natural odor plumes.
机译：嗅觉的研究主要集中在有关气味化学信息的神经处理上，但是嗅觉刺激具有其他特性，这些特性也会影响中枢反应，从而影响行为。在飞蛾中，具有相同气味的连续和间歇刺激会引起两种不同的飞行行为，但这种差异反应的神经基础尚不清楚。在这里，我们显示了大脑主要嗅觉中心中的某些投射神经元（PNs）对特定的气味混合物给出了上下文相关的响应，并且这些响应是由双小分子敏感的GABA受体以几种方式形成的。 PN反应的药理解剖揭示双小分子阻断PN中的GABAA型受体/氯化物通道，并且这些受体在塑造这些肾小球输出神经元的反应中起关键作用。 PNs的触发模式不是特定于气味的，而是由气味刺激的时间模式强烈调节的。短暂的重复气味脉冲会产生快速的抑制电位，随后是离散的动作电位脉冲，这些脉冲被锁相到脉冲上。相比之下，对具有相同气味的单个长时间刺激的响应是一系列不规则点火的缓慢振荡。 Bicuculline破坏了这两种反应的时间，表明GABAA样受体是这两种编码机制的基础。这些结果表明，肾小球输出神经元可以使用多个编码方案来表示单个嗅觉刺激。此外，这些依赖于上下文的气味响应编码有关气味信号的化学成分和时间模式的信息。这些发现与行为证据一起表明，与环境有关的气味反应会唤起大脑中的不同知觉，从而为动物提供有关自然气味羽流中时空变化的重要信息。

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