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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Genetic variation reveals large-scale population expansion and migration during the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples
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Genetic variation reveals large-scale population expansion and migration during the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples

机译：遗传变异揭示了班图语族扩张期间的大规模人口扩张和迁移

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The majority of sub-Saharan Africans today speak a number of closely related languages collectively referred to as ‘Bantu’ languages. The current distribution of Bantu-speaking populations has been found to largely be a consequence of the movement of people rather than a diffusion of language alone. Linguistic and single marker genetic studies have generated various hypotheses regarding the timing and the routes of the Bantu expansion, but these hypotheses have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we re-analysed microsatellite markers typed for large number of African populations that—owing to their fast mutation rates—capture signatures of recent population history. We confirm the spread of west African people across most of sub-Saharan Africa and estimated the expansion of Bantu-speaking groups, using a Bayesian approach, to around 5600 years ago. We tested four different divergence models for Bantu-speaking populations with a distribution comprising three geographical regions in Africa. We found that the most likely model for the movement of the eastern branch of Bantu-speakers involves migration of Bantu-speaking groups to the east followed by migration to the south. This model, however, is only marginally more likely than other models, which might indicate direct movement from the west and/or significant gene flow with the western Branch of Bantu-speakers. Our study use multi-loci genetic data to explicitly investigate the timing and mode of the Bantu expansion and it demonstrates that west African groups rapidly expanded both in numbers and over a large geographical area, affirming the fact that the Bantu expansion was one of the most dramatic demographic events in human history.
机译：今天，大多数撒哈拉以南非洲人会讲多种紧密相关的语言，统称为“班图”语言。已经发现，目前讲班图语的人口分布在很大程度上是人员流动的结果，而不仅仅是语言的传播。语言学和单标记遗传学研究已经产生了关于班图人扩张时间和途径的各种假设，但是这些假设尚未得到充分研究。在这项研究中，我们重新分析了为大量非洲人口输入的微卫星标记，这些标记由于其快速的突变率而获得了近期人口历史的特征。我们确认了西非人在撒哈拉以南非洲大部分地区的扩散，并使用贝叶斯方法估计了约5600年前班图语群体的扩展。我们针对班图族人口测试了四种不同的发散模型，其分布范围包括非洲的三个地理区域。我们发现，讲班图语者东部分支最可能的移动模式包括讲班图语的群体向东部迁移，然后向南部迁移。但是，该模型仅比其他模型略有可能性，这可能表明班图族发言人从西部直接移动和/或大量基因流向西部传播。我们的研究使用多地点遗传数据明确调查了班图人扩张的时间和方式，它表明西非群体在数量上和在较大的地理区域内都迅速扩张，从而肯定了班图人扩张是最广泛的扩张之一。人类历史上的戏剧性人口事件。

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