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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Slow and steady: the evolution of cranial disparity in fossil and recent turtles
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Slow and steady: the evolution of cranial disparity in fossil and recent turtles

机译：缓慢而稳定：化石和近代海龟的颅骨差异演变

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摘要

Turtles (Testudinata) are a diverse group of amniotes that have a rich fossil record that extends back to the Late Triassic, but little is known about global patterns of disparity through time. We here investigate the cranial disparity of 172 representatives of the turtle lineage and their ancestors grouped into 20 time bins ranging from the Late Triassic until the Recent using two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Three evolutionary phases are apparent in all three anatomical views investigated. In the first phase, disparity increases gradually from the Late Triassic to the Palaeogene with only a minor perturbation at the K/T extinct event. Although global warming may have influenced this increase, we find the Mesozoic fragmentation of Pangaea to be a more plausible factor. Following its maximum, disparity decreases strongly towards the Miocene, only to recover partially towards the Recent. The marked collapse in disparity is likely a result of habitat destruction caused by global drying, combined with the homogenization of global turtle faunas that resulted from increased transcontinental dispersal in the Tertiary. The disparity minimum in the Miocene is likely an artefact of poor sampling.
机译：乌龟（Testudinata）是各种各样的羊膜动物，具有丰富的化石记录，可以追溯到三叠纪晚期，但是对于随时间推移的全球差异模式知之甚少。我们在这里使用二维几何形态计量学研究了172个乌龟血统及其祖先的颅骨差异，这些颅骨被分为20个时间段，从晚三叠纪到最近。在所研究的所有三个解剖学视图中，三个演化阶段显而易见。在第一阶段，视差从晚三叠世到古近纪逐渐增加，在K / T灭绝事件中只有很小的扰动。尽管全球变暖可能影响了这一增长，但我们发现Pangea的中生代破碎化是更合理的因素。达到最大后，与中新世的差距大大减少，而向中新世的差距仅部分恢复。悬殊的明显崩溃很可能是全球干旱造成的栖息地破坏的结果，再加上第三大陆上跨大陆扩散增加导致的全球龟类动物的均质化。中新世的最小视差很可能是采样不良的产物。

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