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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Higher iridescent-to-pigment optical effect in flowers facilitates learning memory and generalization in foraging bumblebees
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Higher iridescent-to-pigment optical effect in flowers facilitates learning memory and generalization in foraging bumblebees

机译：花中较高的虹彩到色素光学效应有助于觅食大黄蜂的学习记忆和泛化

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Iridescence—change of colour with changes in the angle of view or of illumination—is widespread in the living world, but its functions remain poorly understood. The presence of iridescence has been suggested in flowers where diffraction gratings generate iridescent colours. Such colours have been suggested to serve plant–pollinator communication. Here we tested whether a higher iridescence relative to corolla pigmentation would facilitate discrimination, learning and retention of iridescent visual targets. We conditioned bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to discriminate iridescent from non-iridescent artificial flowers and we varied iridescence detectability by varying target iridescent relative to pigment optical effect. We show that bees rewarded on targets with higher iridescent relative to pigment effect required fewer choices to complete learning, showed faster generalization to novel targets exhibiting the same iridescence-to-pigment level and had better long-term memory retention. Along with optical measurements, behavioural results thus demonstrate that bees can learn iridescence-related cues as bona fide signals for flower reward. They also suggest that floral advertising may be shaped by competition between iridescence and corolla pigmentation, a fact that has important evolutionary implications for pollinators. Optical measurements narrow down the type of cues that bees may have used for learning. Beyond pollinator–plant communication, our experiments help understanding how receivers influence the evolution of iridescence signals generated by gratings.
机译：虹彩（随着视角或照明的变化而改变颜色）在生活世界中很普遍，但对其功能的了解仍然很少。有人建议在花朵中存在彩虹色，而衍射光栅会产生彩虹色。有人建议将这种颜色用于植物与授粉媒介的交流。在这里，我们测试了相对于花冠色素沉着的更高虹彩是否会促进虹彩视觉目标的辨别，学习和保留。我们通过调节大黄蜂（Bombus terrestris）来区分虹彩和非虹彩人造花，并通过改变目标虹彩相对于颜料光学效果来改变虹彩的可检测性。我们表明，对具有较高虹彩效果（相对于色素效应）的目标进行奖励的蜜蜂需要较少的选择来完成学习，对具有相同虹彩到色素水平并且具有更好的长期记忆保持性的新型目标显示出更快的推广。与光学测量一起，行为结果因此证明，蜜蜂可以学习与虹彩相关的提示，作为真正的信号来赏花。他们还暗示，花卉广告可能是由虹彩和花冠色素沉着之间的竞争所塑造的，这一事实对传粉媒介具有重要的进化意义。光学测量可以缩小蜜蜂可能用于学习的提示的类型。除了传粉媒介与植物的交流以外，我们的实验还有助于了解接收器如何影响光栅产生的虹彩信号的演变。

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