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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Flower choice and learning in foraging bumblebees: effects of variation in nectar volume and concentration.
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Flower choice and learning in foraging bumblebees: effects of variation in nectar volume and concentration.

机译：觅食大黄蜂的花选择和学习：花蜜量和浓度变化的影响。

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摘要

Bees collect food from flowers that differ in morphology, color, and scent. Nectar-seeking foragers can rapidly associate a flower's cues with its profitability, measured as caloric value or 'net energy gain,' and generally develop preferences for more profitable species. If two flower types are equally easy to discover and feed from, differences in profitability will arise from differences in the volume or the sugar concentration of their nectar crops. Although there has been much study of how bees respond to one or the other of these two kinds of nectar variation, few studies have considered both at once. We presented free-foraging bumblebees with two different types of equally rewarding artificial flowers. After a period of familiarization, we made one type more rewarding than the other by increasing its nectar concentration, volume, or both. Bees responded more rapidly to a change in the reward's sugar concentration than to a change in its volume, even if the profitability differences were approximately equal. Sucrose concentration differences (40% vs. 13%) caused bees to virtually abandon the more dilute flower type, whether both types offered the same volume (2 micro l) or the less concentrated reward offered higher volume (7 micro l vs. 0.85 micro l). When the two types of flower differed only in nectar volume (7 micro l vs. 0.85 micro l), the less rewarding type continued to receive 22% of the visits. We propose three different hypotheses to explain the stronger response of the bees to changes in sugar concentration: (i) their response threshold to sucrose concentration might change; (ii) less time is needed to assess the concentration of a reward than its volume; and (iii) a smaller sample size may be needed for reliable estimation of profitability when flowers differ in concentration..
机译：蜜蜂从花形，颜色和气味不同的花朵中收集食物。寻求花蜜的觅食者可以迅速将花朵的线索与其获利能力（以卡路里值或“净能量获取”来衡量）联系起来，并且通常会偏爱更具获利能力的物种。如果两种花同样容易发现和取食，则其花蜜作物的体积或糖分含量的差异将导致获利能力的差异。尽管对蜂对这两种花蜜变异中的一种或另一种如何反应已有大量研究，但很少有研究同时考虑到这两种。我们为自由觅食的大黄蜂提供了两种不同类型的同等奖励人造花。经过一段时间的熟悉后，我们通过增加其花蜜浓度，体积或两者兼而有之，使一种类型的奖励更高。蜜蜂对奖励糖浓度的变化比对数量变化的反应更快，即使获利能力差异大致相等。蔗糖浓度差异（40％比13％）导致蜜蜂实际上放弃了更稀疏的花型，无论两种花型提供相同的体积（2微升）还是浓度较低的奖励提供更高的体积（7微升对0.85微升l）。当两种类型的花仅在花蜜量上有所不同（7微升对0.85微升）时，奖励较少的花朵继续获得22％的探视。我们提出了三种不同的假设来解释蜜蜂对糖浓度变化的更强响应：（i）它们对蔗糖浓度的响应阈值可能会改变; （ii）评估奖励的集中所需的时间少于其数量; （iii）当花朵的浓度不同时，可能需要较小的样本量才能可靠地估算获利能力。

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