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Molecular archaeoparasitology identifies cultural changes in the Medieval Hanseatic trading centre of Lübeck

机译:分子古寄生虫学鉴定了吕贝克中世纪汉萨同盟交易中心的文化变化

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摘要

Throughout history, humans have been afflicted by parasitic worms, and eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits. This study integrated parasitological and ancient DNA methods with a large sample set dating between Neolithic and Early Modern periods to explore the utility of molecular archaeoparasitology as a new approach to study the past. Molecular analyses provided unequivocal species-level parasite identification and revealed location-specific epidemiological signatures. Faecal–oral transmitted nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) were ubiquitous across time and space. By contrast, high numbers of food-associated cestodes (Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata) were restricted to medieval Lübeck. The presence of these cestodes and changes in their prevalence at approximately 1300 CE indicate substantial alterations in diet or parasite availability. Trichuris trichiura ITS-1 sequences grouped into two clades; one ubiquitous and one restricted to medieval Lübeck and Bristol. The high sequence diversity of T.t.ITS-1 detected in Lübeck is consistent with its importance as a Hanseatic trading centre. Collectively, these results introduce molecular archaeoparasitology as an artefact-independent source of historical evidence.
机译:纵观整个历史,人类一直受到寄生虫的困扰,并且在考古沉积物中容易发现卵。这项研究将寄生虫学和古代DNA方法与新石器时代和近现代之间的大量样本集进行了整合,以探索分子考古寄生虫学作为研究过去的新方法的实用性。分子分析提供了明确的物种水平的寄生虫鉴定,并揭示了特定位置的流行病学特征。粪便-口传播线虫(mat虫和线虫Trichuris trichiura)在时间和空间上无处不在。相比之下,大量与食物相关的to(Diphyllobothrium latum和Taenia saginata)仅限于中世纪的吕贝克。这些虫的存在及其在大约公元1300年的流行变化表明饮食或寄生虫的可利用性发生了重大变化。 Trichuris trichiura ITS-1序列分为两个进化枝。一处无处不在,一处仅限于中世纪的吕贝克和布里斯托尔。在吕贝克发现的T.t.ITS-1的高序列多样性与其作为汉萨贸易中心的重要性是一致的。总的来说,这些结果引入了分子古寄生虫学作为独立于文物的历史证据来源。

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