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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >Temporal Expectation Modulates the Cortical Dynamics of Short-Term Memory
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Temporal Expectation Modulates the Cortical Dynamics of Short-Term Memory

机译：时间期望调节短期记忆的皮质动力学。

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Increased memory load is often signified by enhanced neural oscillatory power in the alpha range (8–13 Hz), which is taken to reflect inhibition of task-irrelevant brain regions. The corresponding neural correlates of memory decay, however, are not yet well understood. In the current study, we investigated auditory short-term memory decay in humans using a delayed matching-to-sample task with pure-tone sequences. First, in a behavioral experiment, we modeled memory performance over six different delay-phase durations. Second, in a MEG experiment, we assessed alpha-power modulations over three different delay-phase durations. In both experiments, the temporal expectation for the to-be-remembered sound was manipulated so that it was either temporally expected or not. In both studies, memory performance declined over time, but this decline was weaker when the onset time of the to-be-remembered sound was expected. Similarly, patterns of alpha power in and alpha-tuned connectivity between sensory cortices changed parametrically with delay duration (i.e., decrease in occipitoparietal regions, increase in temporal regions). Temporal expectation not only counteracted alpha-power decline in heteromodal brain areas (i.e., supramarginal gyrus), but also had a beneficial effect on memory decay, counteracting memory performance decline. Correspondingly, temporal expectation also boosted alpha connectivity within attention networks known to play an active role during memory maintenance. The present data show how patterns of alpha power orchestrate short-term memory decay and encourage a more nuanced perspective on alpha power across brain space and time beyond its inhibitory role.>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our sensory memories of the physical world fade quickly. We show here that this decay of short-term memory can be counteracted by so-called temporal expectation; that is, knowledge of when to expect a sensory event that an individual must remember. We also show that neural oscillations in the “alpha” (8–13 Hz) range index both the degree of memory decay (for brief sound patterns) and the respective memory benefit from temporal expectation. Spatially distributed cortical patterns of alpha power show opposing effects in auditory versus visual sensory cortices. Moreover, alpha-tuned connectivity changes within supramodal attention networks reflect the allocation of neural resources as short-term memory representations fade.
机译：记忆负荷增加通常表示为在α范围（8–13 Hz）中增强的神经振荡能力，反映了对与任务无关的大脑区域的抑制。然而，记忆衰退的相应神经相关性尚未被很好地理解。在当前的研究中，我们使用具有纯音序列的延迟匹配样本任务调查了人类的听觉短期记忆衰退。首先，在行为实验中，我们对六个不同延迟阶段持续时间的内存性能进行了建模。其次，在MEG实验中，我们评估了三个不同延迟相位持续时间的α功率调制。在两个实验中，操纵了要记忆的声音的时间期望，以使它无论在时间上还是在时间上都不期望。在两项研究中，记忆性能都随着时间的推移而下降，但是当预期要记忆的声音的开始时间时，这种下降会更弱。类似地，感觉皮质之间的α能量模式和α-调谐连通性随延迟持续时间而参数地改变（即，枕骨顶区的减少，颞区的增加）。时间上的期望不仅抵消了异模式大脑区域（即超上回）的α能量下降，而且还对记忆衰退产生了有益的影响，抵消了记忆表现的下降。相应地，时间期望还增强了已知在内存维护过程中发挥积极作用的关注网络内的alpha连接性。目前的数据表明，α能量的模式如何编排短期记忆，并鼓励人们跨大脑空间和时间对α能量进行更细微的研究，超越其抑制作用。>意义声明我们对物理世界的感官记忆很快消失。我们在这里表明，短期记忆的这种衰退可以被所谓的时间预期所抵消。就是说，知道何时必须要记住一个感官事件。我们还表明，在“ alpha”（8–13 Hz）范围内的神经振荡会同时指示记忆衰减的程度（对于简短的声音模式）和相应的记忆都受益于时间预期。 α功率的空间分布皮层模式在听觉与视觉感觉皮层中显示相反的作用。此外，超模态注意力网络内的alpha调整连接性变化会随着短期记忆表示的消失而反映神经资源的分配。

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