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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >Perturbation of Macaque Supplementary Motor Area Produces Context-Independent Changes in the Probability of Movement Initiation
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Perturbation of Macaque Supplementary Motor Area Produces Context-Independent Changes in the Probability of Movement Initiation

机译：猕猴辅助运动区的摄动产生运动发起概率的与上下文无关的变化

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The contribution of the supplementary motor area (SMA) to movement initiation remains unclear. SMA exhibits premovement activity across a variety of contexts, including externally cued and self-initiated movements. Yet SMA lesions impair initiation primarily for self-initiated movements. Does SMA influence initiation across contexts or does it play a more specialized role, perhaps contributing only when initiation is less dependent on external cues? To address this question, we perturbed SMA activity via microstimulation at variable times before movement onset. Experiments used two adult male rhesus monkeys trained on a reaching task. We used three contexts that differed regarding how tightly movement initiation was linked to external cues. Movement kinematics were not altered by microstimulation. Instead, microstimulation induced a variety of changes in the timing of movement initiation, with different effects dominating for different contexts. Despite their diversity, these changes could be explained by a simple model where microstimulation has a stereotyped impact on the probability of initiation. Surprisingly, a unified model accounted for effects across all three contexts, regardless of whether initiation was determined more by external cues versus internal considerations. All effects were present for stimulation both contralateral and ipsilateral to the moving arm. Thus, the probability of initiating a pending movement is altered by perturbation of SMA activity. However, changes in initiation probability are independent of the balance of internal and external factors that establish the baseline initiation probability.>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The role of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in initiating movement remains unclear. Lesion experiments suggest that SMA makes a critical contribution only for self-initiated movements. Yet SMA is active before movements made under a range of contexts, suggesting a less-specialized role in movement initiation. Here, we use microstimulation to probe the role of SMA across a range of behavioral contexts that vary in the degree to which movement onset is influenced by external cues. We demonstrate that microstimulation produces a temporally stereotyped change in the probability of initiation that is independent of context. These results argue that SMA participates in the computations that lead to movement initiation and does so across a variety of contexts.
机译：辅助运动区（SMA）对运动开始的贡献尚不清楚。 SMA在各种情况下都表现出前移活动，包括外部提示和自我启动的运动。然而，SMA损伤主要是由于自发性运动而损害了发动。 SMA是否会影响跨环境的启动，还是起着更特殊的作用，也许仅在启动对外部提示的依赖性较小时才起作用？为了解决这个问题，我们在运动开始前的不同时间通过微刺激扰动了SMA活动。实验使用了两只成年雄性恒河猴，接受过伸手可得的训练。我们使用了三种不同的上下文，这些上下文在运动启动与外部提示之间的紧密联系方面有所不同。运动运动学不会因微刺激而改变。取而代之的是，微刺激在运动开始的时机上引起了各种各样的变化，在不同的情况下，不同的效果占主导地位。尽管它们具有多样性，但可以通过一个简单的模型来解释这些变化，在该模型中，微刺激对引发概率具有定型影响。出人意料的是，一个统一的模型考虑了在所有三种情况下的影响，而不管引发是否更多地是由外部线索决定，而不是由内部考虑决定的。对刺激动臂的对侧和同侧都具有所有作用。因此，启动未决运动的可能性通过SMA活动的扰动而改变。但是，启动概率的变化与建立基线启动概率的内部和外部因素之间的平衡无关。>重要意义声明辅助运动区域（SMA）在启动运动中的作用尚不清楚。病变实验表明，SMA仅对自发运动起关键作用。然而，SMA在各种背景下进行运动之前是活跃的，这表明运动起始中的作用较少。在这里，我们使用微刺激来探究SMA在一系列行为环境中的作用，这些行为环境受外部提示影响运动发作的程度不同。我们证明，微刺激在与背景无关的引发概率上产生时间刻板印象的变化。这些结果表明，SMA参与了导致运动启动的计算，并且在各种情况下都参与了。

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