We refer a case of total knee prosthesis infected by Brucella melitensis: a 74-years-old woman, affected by knee arthritis and operated 9 years before in a different hospital with the implant of a total prosthesis to the left knee. The lapse of time between the joint implant and the onset of the general symptoms of infection was 36 months. The infection localized to the left knee 12 months later. The source was identified with the consumption of a diary unpasteurized product. The first treatment was conservative by antibiotic cocktail, then the prosthetic implant removal has become necessary. To our knowledge, in the literature only 8 cases of brucellar prosthetic infection have been previously reported (5 knee and 3 hip prosthesis): in 7 cases Brucella melitensis was isolated, in one Brucella abortus.
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