首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Influence of Vegetation on the In Situ Bacterial Community and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Degraders in Aged PAH-Contaminated or Thermal-Desorption-Treated Soil
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Influence of Vegetation on the In Situ Bacterial Community and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Degraders in Aged PAH-Contaminated or Thermal-Desorption-Treated Soil

机译:植被对年老的受PAH污染或热解吸处理的土壤中细菌群落和多环芳烃(PAH)降解物的影响

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摘要

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, bacterial community, and PAH-degrading bacteria were monitored in aged PAH-contaminated soil (Neuves-Maisons [NM] soil; with a mean of 1,915 mg of 16 PAHs·kg−1 of soil dry weight) and in the same soil previously treated by thermal desorption (TD soil; with a mean of 106 mg of 16 PAHs·kg−1 of soil dry weight). This study was conducted in situ for 2 years using experimental plots of the two soils. NM soil was colonized by spontaneous vegetation (NM-SV), planted with Medicago sativa (NM-Ms), or left as bare soil (NM-BS), and the TD soil was planted with Medicago sativa (TD-Ms). The bacterial community density, structure, and diversity were estimated by real-time PCR quantification of the 16S rRNA gene copy number, temporal thermal gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting, and band sequencing, respectively. The density of the bacterial community increased the first year during stabilization of the system and stayed constant in the NM soil, while it continued to increase in the TD soil during the second year. The bacterial community structure diverged among all the plot types after 2 years on site. In the NM-BS plots, the bacterial community was represented mainly by Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. The presence of vegetation (NM-SV and NM-Ms) in the NM soil favored the development of a wider range of bacterial phyla (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi) that, for the most part, were not closely related to known bacterial representatives. Moreover, under the influence of the same plant, the bacterial community that developed in the TD-Ms was represented by different bacterial species (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria) than that in the NM-Ms. During the 2 years of monitoring, the PAH concentration did not evolve significantly. The abundance of gram-negative (GN) and gram-positive (GP) PAH-degrading bacteria was estimated by real-time PCR quantification of specific functional genes encoding the α subunit of PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHDα). The percentage of the PAH-RHDα GN bacterial genes relative to 16S rRNA gene density decreased with time in all the plots. The GP PAH-RHDα bacterial gene proportion decreased in the NM-BS plots but stayed constant or increased under vegetation influence (NM-SV, NM-Ms, and TD-Ms).
机译:在老化的PAH污染土壤(Neuves-Maisons [NM]土壤;平均1,915 mg的16 PAHs·kg -1)中监测多环芳烃(PAH)污染,细菌群落和降解PAH的细菌的土壤干重)和先前通过热脱附处理过的同一土壤(TD土壤;平均106 mg的16 PAHs·kg -1 的土壤干重)。这项研究是使用两种土壤的实验图原位进行了2年的研究。 NM土壤可通过自发植被(NM-SV)定植,可种植紫花苜蓿(NM-Ms),也可种植裸土(NM-BS),而TD土壤则种植紫花苜蓿(TD-Ms)。通过实时PCR定量16S rRNA基因拷贝数,瞬时热梯度凝胶电泳指纹图谱和条带测序来估计细菌群落密度,结构和多样性。在系统稳定的第一年,细菌群落的密度增加,并且在NM土壤中保持不变,而在TD土壤中,细菌群落的密度在第二年继续增加。现场2年后,细菌群落结构在所有样地类型之间均出现差异。在NM-BS地块中,细菌群落主要由Betaproteobacteria和Gammaproteobacteria代表。在NM土壤中存在植被(NM-SV和NM-Ms),有利于发展更广泛的细菌门(α变形细菌,β变形细菌,γ变形细菌,Verrucomicrobia,放线菌,Firmicutes和Chloroflexi),在大多数情况下,与已知的细菌代表没有密切关系。此外,在同一株植物的影响下,TD-Ms中发育的细菌群落由不同的细菌种类(α变形杆菌,<β>变形杆菌,<γ>γ变形杆菌 Actinobacteria )。在监测的2年中,PAH浓度没有显着变化。通过实时PCR定量编码PAH环羟化双加氧酶(PAH-RHDα)的α亚基的特定功能基因,可以估算出革兰氏阴性(GN)和革兰氏阳性(GP)降解PAH的细菌的数量。在所有图中,PAH-RHDαGN细菌基因相对于16S rRNA基因密度的百分比均随时间降低。 GPPAH-RHDα细菌基因比例在NM-BS图中下降,但在植被影响下(NM-SV,NM-Ms和TD-Ms)保持恒定或增加。

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