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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Annals of Botany >Root biomechanics in Rhizophora mangle: anatomy morphology and ecology of mangrove’s flying buttresses
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Root biomechanics in Rhizophora mangle: anatomy morphology and ecology of mangrove’s flying buttresses

机译：根瘤菌根中的根生物力学：红树林飞檐的解剖形态和生态

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>Background and Aims Rhizophora species of mangroves have a conspicuous system of stilt-like roots (rhizophores) that grow from the main stem and resemble flying buttresses. As such, the development of rhizophores can be predicted to be important for the effective transmission of dynamic loads from the top of the tree to the ground, especially where the substrate is unstable, as is often the case in the habitats where Rhizophora species typically grow. This study tests the hypothesis that rhizophore architecture in R. mangle co-varies with their proximity to the main stem, and with stem size and crown position.>Methods The allometry and wood mechanical properties of R. mangle (red mangrove) trees growing in a mangrove basin forest within a coastal lagoon in Mexico were compared with those of coexisting, non-buttressed mangrove trees of Avicennia germinans. The anatomy of rhizophores was related to mechanical stress due to crown orientation (static load) and to prevailing winds (dynamic load) at the study site.>Key Results Rhizophores buttressed between 10 and 33 % of tree height. There were significant and direct scaling relationships between the number, height and length of rhizophores vs. basal area, tree height and crown area. Wood mechanical resistance was significantly higher in the buttressed R. mangle (modulus of elasticity, MOE = 18·1 ± 2 GPa) than in A. germinans (MOE = 12·1 ± 0·5 GPa). Slenderness ratios (total height/stem diameter) were higher in R. mangle, but there were no interspecies differences in critical buckling height. When in proximity to the main stem, rhizophores had a lower length/height ratio, higher eccentricity and higher xylem/bark and pith proportions. However, there were no directional trends with regard to prevailing winds or tree leaning.>Conclusions In comparison with A. germinans, a tree species with wide girth and flare at the base, R. mangle supports a thinner stem of higher mechanical resistance that is stabilized by rhizophores resembling flying buttresses. This provides a unique strategy to increase tree slenderness and height in the typically unstable substrate on which the trees grow, at a site that is subject to frequent storms.
机译：>背景和目的红树林的根茎种类具有明显的高跷状根系（根瘤菌），该根系从主茎生长而来，类似于飞扶。因此，可以预测，根状茎的发育对于有效地将动态负载从树的顶部传递到地面非常重要，尤其是在基质不稳定的地方，这在根状茎菌种通常生长的生境中通常如此。这项研究检验了以下假设，即R. mangle（R. mangle）的变构和木质力学特性（R. mangle（R. mangle）（将墨西哥沿海泻湖中红树林盆地森林中生长的红树林与非洲vic藜属植物中并存的非支撑红树林进行了比较。根茎的解剖结构与研究地点的树冠方向（静态载荷）和盛行风（动态载荷）引起的机械应力有关。>主要结果，根瘤菌的树突支撑在树高的10％至33％之间。根茎的数量，高度和长度与基础面积，树高和树冠面积之间存在显着的直接比例关系。支撑的曼氏罗汉果（弹性模量，MOE =，18·1±2 GPa）的木材机械抗性明显高于A.germinans（MOE = 12·1±0·5 GPa）。 R. mangle的细长率（总高度/茎直径）较高，但临界屈曲高度没有种间差异。当接近主茎时，根茎的长度/高度比较低，偏心率较高，木质部/树皮和髓的比例较高。但是，与盛行风或树木倾斜无关，没有方向性趋势。>结论与底栖动物宽阔且耀斑的树种A. Germinans相比，R。mangle支持较薄的茎类似于飞扶的根茎稳定了较高的机械阻力。这提供了一种独特的策略，可以在经常遭受暴风雨袭击的地点增加树木生长的通常不稳定的基质中树木的细长度和高度。

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