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Vulnerability and impacts of climate change on forest and freshwater wetland ecosystems in Nepal: A review

机译:尼泊尔的气候变化对森林和淡水湿地生态系统的脆弱性和影响:回顾

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摘要

Climate change (CC) threatens ecosystems in both developed and developing countries. As the impacts of CC are pervasive, global, and mostly irreversible, it is gaining worldwide attention. Here we review vulnerability and impacts of CC on forest and freshwater wetland ecosystems. We particularly look at investigations undertaken at different geographic regions in order to identify existing knowledge gaps and possible implications from such vulnerability in the context of Nepal along with available adaptation programs and national-level policy supports. Different categories of impacts which are attributed to disrupting structure, function, and habitat of both forest and wetland ecosystems are identified and discussed. We show that though still unaccounted, many facets of forest and freshwater wetland ecosystems of Nepal are vulnerable and likely to be impacted by CC in the near future. Provisioning ecosystem services and landscape-level ecosystem conservation are anticipated to be highly threatened with future CC. Finally, the need for prioritizing CC research in Nepal is highlighted to close the existing knowledge gap along with the implementation of adaptation measures based on existing location specific traditional socio-ecological system.
机译:气候变化(CC)威胁着发达国家和发展中国家的生态系统。由于CC的影响是无处不在的,全球性的,而且几乎是不可逆的,因此它正在引起全世界的关注。在这里,我们回顾了CC对森林和淡水湿地生态系统的脆弱性和影响。我们特别着眼于在不同地理区域进行的调查,以查明尼泊尔方面现有的知识差距和这种脆弱性可能带来的影响,以及现有的适应方案和国家一级的政策支持。识别和讨论了归因于森林和湿地生态系统破坏结构,功能和栖息地的不同类别的影响。我们表明,尽管仍然无法解释,但尼泊尔的森林和淡水湿地生态系统的许多方面都很脆弱,并且很可能在不久的将来受到CC的影响。提供生态系统服务和景观级生态系统保护预计将在未来的CC中受到严重威胁。最后,强调了对尼泊尔的CC研究进行优先排序的必要性,以消除现有的知识差距,并根据现有的特定于地点的传统社会生态系统实施适应措施。

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