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Incompatible quartets triplets and characters

机译:四重奏三重奏和角色不兼容

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摘要

We study a long standing conjecture on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the compatibility of multi-state characters: There exists a function f(r) such that, for any set C of r-state characters, C is compatible if and only if every subset of f(r) characters of C is compatible. We show that for every r≥2, there exists an incompatible set C of Ω(r2)r-state characters such that every proper subset of C is compatible. This improves the previous lower bound of f(r)≥r given by Meacham (1983), and f(4)≥5 given by Habib and To (2011). For the case when r=3, Lam, Gusfield and Sridhar (2011) recently showed that f(3)=3. We give an independent proof of this result and completely characterize the sets of pairwise compatible 3-state characters by a single forbidden intersection pattern.Our lower bound on f(r) is proven via a result on quartet compatibility that may be of independent interest: For every n≥4, there exists an incompatible set Q of Ω(n2) quartets over n labels such that every proper subset of Q is compatible. We show that such a set of quartets can have size at most 3 when n=5, and at most O(n3) for arbitrary n. We contrast our results on quartets with the case of rooted triplets: For every n≥3, if R is an incompatible set of more than n−1 triplets over n labels, then some proper subset of R is incompatible. We show this bound is tight by exhibiting, for every n≥3, a set of n−1 triplets over n taxa such that R is incompatible, but every proper subset of R is compatible.
机译:我们研究了关于多状态字符兼容的必要和充分条件的一个长期推测:存在一个函数f(r),对于任何一组R状态字符C,当且仅当每个C的f(r)个字符的子集是兼容的。我们表明,对于每个r≥2,存在一个不兼容的Ω(r 2 )r状态字符集C,因此C的每个适当子集都是兼容的。这改善了Meacham(1983)给出的f(r)≥ r 的先前下界,以及Habib和To(2011)给出的 f (4)≥5的先前下界。对于 r = 3的情况,Lam,Gusfield和Sridhar(2011)最近表明 f (3)= 3。我们对此结果给出独立的证明,并通过单个禁止的交集模式完全描述成对兼容的三态字符集。 f r )的下界是通过四元组兼容性的结果得到证明,该结果可能具有独立的意义:对于每个 n ≥4,存在一个不兼容的 Q 集合,其中Ω n 标签上的 n 2 )四重奏,这样 Q 的每个适当子集都是兼容的。我们证明,当 n = 5时,这样的一组四重奏的大小最多为3,而 O n 3最多为4 )表示任意 n 。我们将四重奏的结果与有根三重奏的情况进行对比:对于每个 n ≥3,如果 R 是大于 n 的不兼容集-1个三元组在 n 标签上,则 R 的某些适当子集不兼容。通过对每个 n ≥3展示一组 n -1个三元组在 n 上的类,使得 n − > R 不兼容,但是 R 的每个适当子集都是兼容的。

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